Gender-based incidence, recovery period, and mortality rate of COVID-19 among the population of district Attock, Pakistan

Abstract

COVID-19 is reported as an extremely contagious disease with common symptoms of fever, dry cough, sore throat, and tiredness. The published literature on incidence and gender-wise prevalence of COVID-19 is scarce in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the distribution, incubation period and mortality rate of COVID-19 among the male and female population of district Attock. The data were collected between 01 April 2020 and 07 December 2020 from the population of district Attock, Pakistan. A total of 22,962 individuals were screened and 843 were found positive for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. The confirmed positive cases were monitored carefully. Among the positive cases, the incidence of COVID-19 was 61.7% among males and 38.2% among females. The average recovery period of males was 18.89±7.75 days and females were 19±8.40 days from SARS-CoV-2. The overall mortality rate was 8.06%. The death rate of male patients was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to female patients. Also, the mortality rate was higher (P<0.05) in male patients of 40-60 years of age compared to female patients of the same age group. Moreover, the mortality rate significantly increased (P<0.05) with the increase of age irrespective of gender. In conclusion, the incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19 is higher in males compared to the female population. Moreover, irrespective of gender the mortality rate was significantly lower among patients aged <40 years.

The health facility as a risk factor for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in critically ill patients with COVID-19

“…[ 35 , 36 ] Finally, men have more comorbidities when compared to women, and have been shown to have a poor medical follow-up. [37] All these factors may lead to prolonged hospitalization, which may favor colonization by MDR bacteria.…”

Two-Dose Vaccination Significantly Prolongs the Duration from Symptom Onset to Death: A Retrospective Study Based on 173,894 SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…Moreover, males were associated with longer SOD (OR = 1.13, p < 0.001). However, a study in the district of Attock, Pakistan, found that males aged 40–60 had a significantly higher mortality rate than females [ 7 ]. Similarly, studies in India have shown that older people and younger males have a higher risk of death [ 31 ].…”

“…There have been a few studies discussing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients and a few studies on vaccine doses and outcomes in Pakistan. The results showed that males had a higher incidence of disease and higher mortality rate [ 7 ] and that strict preventive measures for high-risk groups were essential [ 8 ]. Comorbidity, oxygen saturation, dyspnea on arrival, and length of hospital stay were also associated with a higher case fatality rate [ 9 ].…”

Impact of Covid-19 on the Functional Capacity of Hospitalized Adults

“…COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, potentially serious, of high transmissibility and global distribution (EJAZ et al, 2023). The first case of this type of coronavirus was registered on December 31, 2019, in the city of Wuhan, China (ALVES; DE SOUZA; CALÓ, 2021).…”