Prevalence and association of mycoplasma infection in the development of coronary artery disease

Abstract

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although remain controversial, several studies have demonstrated the association of M. pneumoniae infections with atherosclerosis. We evaluated the possible association of mycoplasma infections in patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis by ELISA and PCR methods. Atherosclerotic tissue samples and blood samples were collected for the detection of mycoplasma antibodies (IgA) by ELISA from the 97 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). M. pneumoniae specific IgA, IgG and IgM were measured by using the Anti-M. pneumoniae IgA/IgG/IgM ELISA. Detection of M. pneumoniae targeting the P1 adhesion gene was performed by PCR Acute infection of M. pneumoniae was diagnosed in 43.3% (42) of patients by PCR. The M. pneumoniae specific antibodies were detected in 36.1% (35) of patients. Twenty-five (25.8%) cases had IgG antibodies, 15 (15.5%) cases had IgM antibodies, 3 (3.1%) cases had IgA antibodies, 10 (10.3%) cases had both IgM + IgG antibodies and 1 (1%) case of each had IgM + IgA and IgG + IgA antibodies. None of the cases was positive for all three antibodies. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed an excellent correlation between the PCR and the serological results (r=0.921, p<0.001). A majority (17, 40.5%) of the M. pneumoniae positive patients are within the 41-50 years of age group, followed by 10 (23.8%) patients in the age group of 61-70 years and 2 (4.8%) patients were >70 years of age. Our study reported an unusually higher prevalence of M. pneumoniae by serological tests (36.1%) and PCR (43.3%). Although the hypothesis of the association of M. pneumoniae and CAD is yet to be proven, the unusually high prevalence of M. pneumoniae in CAD patients indicates an association, if not, in the development of atherosclerosis.

Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review)

“…HDL, a key lipoprotein in the blood, can remove excess cholesterol from arterial walls and transport it back to the liver to be metabolized and eliminated, thus protecting the cardiovascular system ( 68 , 69 ). M. pneumoniae infection is associated with decreased HDL levels by enhancing the inflammatory response and disrupting lipid metabolism, which promote cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall and increase risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease ( 9 ). However, the association between M. pneumoniae infection and HDL levels is not clear due to differences in study sample size, study design and clinical characteristics of the disease; other influencing factors between infection and HDL levels need to be further explored.…”

“…In addition, these infections show seasonal epidemics, usually peaking in winter and early spring (7). M. pneumoniae infection can change the blood lipid content of patients and accelerate occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis (8)(9)(10).…”

Kirenol protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced damages in endothelial cells

“…Worldwide, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death and premature death (Kivimäki and Steptoe, 2018;Kovacic et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2015;Singh et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2021). A chronic inflammatory lipid-depositing disease causes peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction (Gao and Liu 2017).…”

Comparison of the effects of emotionally focused therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation on anxiety and quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease during COVID-19 pandemic

“…The resulting deaths of coronary artery disease (CAD) by year 2030 will reach about 23.6 million people which majority will be from South Asia (Saha et al, 2021). Due to this high prevalence and high mortality, this disease has received a lot of attention in recent decades and so far, many studies have been conducted on pathophysiology (Shah et al, 2022), prevalence and risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) (Dugani et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021).…”