Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from flowers of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae)

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that lives inside host xylem vessels, where it forms biofilm which is believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients. Pectobacterium carotovorum is a Gram-negative plant-specific bacterium that causes not only soft rot in various plant hosts, but also blackleg in potato by plant cell wall degradation. Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been commonly treated with nifurtimox and benzonidazole, two drugs that cause several side effects. As a result, the use of natural products for treating bacterial and neglected diseases has increased in recent years and plants have become a promising alternative to developing new medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition of essential oil from Psidium guajava flowers (PG-EO) and to evaluate its in vitro anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities. PG-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus while its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major compounds identified in PG-EO were α-cadinol (37.8%), β-caryophyllene (12.2%), nerolidol (9.1%), α-selinene (8.8%), β-selinene (7.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.2%). Results showed that the PG-EO had strong trypanocidal activity against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 14.6 μg/mL), promising antibacterial activity against X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL) and P. carotovorum (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL), and moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cells in the concentration range (CC50 = 250.5 μg/mL). In short, the PG-EO can be considered a new source of bioactive compounds for the development of pesticides and trypanocide drugs.

Essential Oils from Different Myrtaceae Species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome – Chemical Dereplication and Evaluation of Antitrypanosomal Activity

“…Previous studies on C. xantocarpa EOs also reported the occurrence of β‐caryophyllene as the main compound, besides ledol [29–31] . For P. guajava , a similar chemical composition with prevalence of sesquiterpenes α‐cadinol, β‐caryophyllene, nerolidol, α‐selinene, β‐selinene, and caryophyllene oxide was also previously described [18] . Finally, for P. cauliflora , previous reports showed the predominance of oxygenated sesquiterpenes derivatives [32] …”

“…As showed in Table 3, from the eighteen studied EOs, twelve displayed IC 50 values lower than 10 μg/mL against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi and can be considered active [1,16–18] . E. florida (IC 50 =0.3 μg/mL), E. acutata (IC 50 =1.4 μg/mL), C. brasilienses (IC 50 =1.6 μg/mL), P. cauliflora (IC 50 =2.7 μg/mL), C. xanthocarpa (IC 50 =3.4 μg/mL), P. guajava (IC 50 =4.0 μg/mL), M. fenzliana (IC 50 =4.7 μg/mL), E. widgrenii (IC 50 =7.4 μg/mL), M. hebepetala (IC 50 =7.5 μg/mL), C. widgreniana (IC 50 =8.7 μg/mL), S. densioflora (IC 50 =8.8 μg/mL), and M. coronata (IC 50 =10.3 μg/mL).…”

Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial Activity and Modulating Effect of Essential Oil from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

“…The Myrtaceae family includes around 150 genera and 3600 species with a cosmopolitan distribution [ 12 ]. Studies with EOs of different species of the family have been carried out, for example, we can mention biological and pharmacological activities such as antiparasitic [ 13 ], antibacterial [ 14 ], antifungal [ 15 ], antioxidant [ 16 ] and many more. Syzygium cumini is used in folk medicine to treat leucorrhea, urination pain, dermatitis and the presence of bloody diarrhea [ 17 ] and has been investigated for various biological activities such as hepatoprotective effect, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activity [ 18 ].…”

An Update on the Function, Biosynthesis and Regulation of Floral Volatile Terpenoids

“…Oleaceae α-farnesene, linalool, β-ocimene, germacrene-D [32][33][34][35][36] Laurus nobilis Lauraceae sesquiterpenes, γ-cadinene, δ-cadinene [37] Lonicera japonica Caprifoliaceae linalool [38] Magnolia champaca Magnoliaceae (R)-linalool, linalool and its oxides [39] Malus domestica Rosaceae (E)-linalool oxide [40] Murraya paniculata Rutaceae E-β-ocimene, linalool, α-cubebene [41,42] Myrtus communis L. Myrtaceae α-pinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole [43] Osmanthus fragrans Oleaceae linalool and its derivatives, α-ionone, β-ionone OfTPS1, OfTPS2, OfTPS3 [44][45][46][47] Paeonia spp. Paeoniaceae β-caryophyllene, linalool [48,49] Psidium guajava Myrtaceae α-cadinol, β-caryophyllene, nerolidol [50] Rosa spp. Oleaceae D-limonene [58,59] Penstemon digitalis Plantaginaceae linalool and its enantiomers, cis-and trans-β-ocimene [60][61][62] Alstroemeria spp.…”