First record of larvae of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) with zoonotic potential in the pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Osteichthyes: Arapaimidae) from South America

Abstract

Third-stage larvae (L 3 ) of Hysterothylacium sp. were collected by the first time in juveniles of pirarucu Arapaima gigas farmed in the Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas state. Ninety-eight (98) out of 100 examined fish showed to be parasitized. Five hundred and ninety larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. were collected from the intestines, stomach and pyloric caeca. The mean intensity of parasite indexes was 6.02 (±5.75) ranging from 1 to 40 larvae per host and the mean abundance was 5.9 (±5.76). The A. gigas is the new host record for larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. in Brazil, and this is the first record of larvae of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) with zoonotic potential in the pirarucu from South America.

<b>Detection of Anisakidae larvae parasitizing <i>Plagioscion squamosissimus</i> and <i>Pellona castelnaeana</i> in the State of Pará, Brazil

“…Notwithstanding, they showed larger body size than the ones collected by Andrade-Porto et al (2015) in Arapaima gigas from the State of Amazonas (2.53 length x 0.10 width) and smaller than the ones collected by Felizardo, Knoff, Pinto, and Gomes (2009) in Paralichthys isosceles from the State of Rio de Janeiro (15.60 length x 0.36 width), Fontenelle et al (2013) in Cynoscion guatucupa from the State of Rio de Janeiro (22.33 length x 0.44 width) and Moravec et al (2016) in Sandelia capensis (32.48 length x 1.39 width) from South Africa. These larvae may be different anisakid species.…”

“…Among the most recent studies, low prevalence rates were found in Selene setapinnis = 13.3% (Fontenelle et al, 2015), Sandelia capensis = 23% (Moravec, van Rensburg, & Van As, 2016) and Plagioscion squamosissimus = 23.3% (Fontenelle et al, 2016); high prevalence rates were recorded in Hoplias malabaricus = 100% and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus = 80% (Martins et al, 2005), Dicentrarchus labrax = 95% (Bernardi et al, 2011) and Arapaima gigas = 98% (Andrade-Porto et al, 2015). In the present study, in Plagioscion squamosissimus and Pellona castelnaeana, the prevalence was 100%, and the highest average intensity and abundance values were observed in P. castelnaeana from the Mosqueiro Island (Table 1).…”

Immune response of teleost fish to helminth parasite infection

“…The most fish-borne nematodes found in humans are members of Anisakidae and Gnathostomatidae families, and Capillaria philippinensis of Trichinellidae family (EIRAS et al, 2018). The nematodes of these families are reported as parasites of many species of marine and freshwater fishes, but infection in humans can occur by consuming fishes alive, raw or undercooked (CAVALCANTI et al, 2012;ANDRADE-PORTO et al, 2015;RODRIGUES et al, 2015).…”

Exogenous enzymes on the feeding of pirarucu Arapaima gigas Schinz. 1822 (Osteoglossiformes. Arapaimidae)

“…The pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, native to the Amazon basin, is a large-sized fish of carnivorous feeding habit, being able to reach 3 m in length and 200 kg of weight in the nature, geographically distributed in the Amazon region and occurring in the floodplain areas of the rivers Araguaia-Tocantins, Solimões-Amazonas and its affluents, Amazon river in the Peruvian Andes and tributaries from the Essequibo and Rupununi rivers of Guyana (Andrade-Porto et al, 2015). The absence of intramuscular spines, the average fillet yield of 57%, the light-colored, lean, tender and high quality meat made this fish a species of high demand and market value (Mesquita, 2017), but due to its carnivorous feeding habit, it is not unrelated to the nutritional issue that this type of fish presents.…”