Chemical composition and in vitro inhibitory effects of essential oils from fruit peel of three Citrus species and limonene on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Abstract

<jats:p>Abstract Essential oils (EO) from aromatic and medicinal plants generally perform a diverse range of biological activities because they have several active constituents that work in different mechanisms of action. EO from Citrus peel have an impressive range of food and medicinal uses, besides other applications. EO from Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis and C. deliciosa were extracted from fruit peel and analyzed by GC-MS. The major constituent of EO under evaluation was limonene, whose concentrations were 98.54%, 91.65% and 91.27% for C. sinensis, C. reticulata and C. deliciosa, respectively. The highest potential of inhibition of mycelial growth was observed when the oil dose was 300 μL. Citrus oils inhibited fungus growth in 82.91% (C. deliciosa), 65.82% (C. sinensis) and 63.46% (C. reticulata). Anti-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum activity of 90% pure limonene and at different doses (20, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μL) was also investigated. This monoterpene showed to be highly active by inhibiting 100% fungus growth even at 200 and 300 μL doses. This is the first report of the in vitro inhibitory effect of natural products from these three Citrus species and its results show that there is good prospect of using them experimentally to control S. sclerotiorum, in both greenhouse and field conditions.</jats:p>

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and Citrus sinensis Essential Oils as Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium culmorum

“…Limonene fount in percentage of 87.9% and 92.5% from C. sinensis peels of Uganda and Rwanda, respectively [58]. C. sinensis peel EO with its main compound of limonene (98.54%) was observed potential of inhibition of mycelial growth (63.46%) of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the oil dose 300 µL [74]. D-limonene is highly useful in agriculture as antibacterial agent against economic phyto-pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from potato as well as for insect repellent [12,75,76].…”

A review on dill essential oil and its chief compounds as natural biocide

“…Limonene was found to possess better antifungal potential as compared to citrus essential oil even at lowerconcentration 37,80 . In another similar work done by Dias et al, 81 in vitro antifungal activity of three citrus essential oils from C sinensis , C deliciosa and C reticulate was compared to that of limonene (major component) against S sclerotiorum using poisoned food technique at different concentrations (20, 50, 100, 200 and 300 µL). It was revealed that limonene exhibited much higher fungicidal activity, that is 100% inhibition at 200 and 300 µL as compared to citrus essential oils which inhibit 65.82%, 82.91% and 63.46%, respectively, at 300 µL.…”

The Inhibitory Potential of Selected Essential Oils on Fusarium spp. Growth and Mycotoxins Biosynthesis in Maize Seeds

“…According to Xing et al [60], cinnamic aldehyde interferes with enzymatic reactions during the synthesis of the fungal cell wall, affecting growth in F. verticillioides. Limonene was active against some phytopathogenic fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, Phytophthora digitatum, Rhizoctonia solani, F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, and S. sclerotiorum, as reported in literature data [61][62][63]. In turn, Li et al [64] demonstrated antifungal activity of citral towards six plant pathogenic fungi (Magnaporthe grisea, Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporum, Valsa mali, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani), suggesting that this compound may affect mycelial growth.…”