Vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by cuttings: effects of leaf area and indole-3-butyric acid concentration

Abstract

The seeds of Plukenetia polyadenia have high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and are used as medicine and food for native people in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon. The objective of this study was to develop a method for vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by rooting of cuttings. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications of 8 cuttings, in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement. The factors were: 3 levels of leaf area (25, 50 and 75%) and 3 indole-3-butyric acid -IBA concentrations (9.84, 19.68 and 29.52mM) and a control without IBA. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Our results show that the use of cuttings with 50% of leaf area and treatment with 29.52mM of IBA induced high percentages of rooting (93%) and the best root formation. Vegetative propagation of Plukenetia polyadenia by cuttings will be used as a tool to conserve and propagate germplasm in breeding programs.Keywords: Plukenetia polyadenia, rooting, leaf area, IBA. Propagação vegetativa de Plukenetia polyadenia por estacas: efeitos de área foliar e concentração de ácido indol-3-butírico ResumoAs sementes de Plukenetia polyadenia têm altos níveis de ácidos graxos insaturados e são utilizadas como medicamentos e alimentos para as pessoas nativas da Amazônia Peruana e Brasileira. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver um método de propagação vegetativa de Plukenetia polyadenia por meio do enraizamento de estacas em câmeras de sub-irrigação. Foi utilizado um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 12 tratamentos e 3 repetições de 8 estacas, e esquema fatorial 3 × 4. Os fatores foram: 3 níveis de área foliar (25, 50 e 75%) e 3 doses de ácido indol-3-butírico -AIB (9,84; 19,68 e 29,52mM) e um controle sem AIB. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A maior taxa de enraizamento de estacas (93%) foi obtida com 29,52mM de AIB como indutor hormonal e estacas com área foliar de 50%. A propagação vegetativa de Plukenetia polyadenia por estacas será usada como ferramenta para conservar e propagar germoplasma em programas de melhoramento.Palavras-chave: Plukenetia polyadenia, enraizamento, área foliar, AIB.

Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings

“…The technique of leaf area reduction in cuttings has as main objective to avoid the "umbrella" effect, which may impair irrigation efficiency, and to avoid excessive transpiration (Santana et al, 2010;Correia et al, 2015). In Plukenetia polyadenia stem cuttings, the leaf area reduction by 50% allowed to reach the best balance between the transpiration disadvantages and the photosynthesis advantages, the authors emphasize, however, that the optimal leaf area for rooting is variable according to different species (Solis et al, 2017). According to the present study, for hop cuttings, the optimum leaf area is also variable according to the rooting environment.…”

“…Regardless of the environment, the leafless cuttings had the lowest values of survival and rooting. Early root formation is hormonally controlled and the reserves present in the cuttings and photoassimilates produced in the leaves influence its development (Solis et al, 2017). Root initiation and development are dependent on auxins, carbohydrates, nitrogen compounds and rooting cofactors that are supplied by the leaves and accumulate cutting base, in this sense, as a general rule, the presence of leaves is important when used herbaceous or semi-hardwood cuttings for plant propagation (Bona and Biasi, 2010).…”

“…The inferiority of sprouting percentage and sprouts dry mass in leafless cuttings (Tab. 2) is related, similarly to rooting, to leaves function in photosynthesis and availability of carbohydrates to the cuttings (Solis et al, 2017).…”

“…Therefore, for commercial purposes, H. lupulus L. is propagated vegetatively, both from rhizomes and herbaceous cuttings (DeNoma, 2000), in order to maintain the characteristics of the cultivars. Among the factors that influence the adventitious rooting of stem cuttings, the presence of leaves is one of the most important because it has a promoter effect at the beginning of root formation and roots development (Solis et al, 2017). In H. lupulus L., the success of leafy stem cuttings in rooting is probably associated with their ability to accumulate carbohydrates during the rooting period through photosynthesis (Howard, 1965).…”

Respuesta en Campo de Clones de Café a la Inoculación con Consorcios de Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares en la Región Amazonas, Perú

“…En este contexto, el uso de las micorrizas representa una alternativa para el manejo sostenible del cultivo, por lo que los HMA están siendo estudiados en diversos países de América Latina y en el café, los trabajos se han centrado principalmente en evaluar la diversidad y abundancia de los HMA en diferentes sistemas de producción y el efecto de los HMA en la fisiología y mejoramiento del rendimiento (Trejo et al, 2011;Júnior et al, 2019). La propagación vegetativa permite que los clones sean genéticamente idénticos a los parentales (Solis et al, 2017) y que tengan alta calidad fitosanitaria. El desarrollo de un método efectivo de propagación vegetativa favorece la implementación de nuevas plantaciones comerciales con semilla vegetativa de alta calidad genética y fitosanitaria, y en la Amazonía Peruana se han desarrollado tecnologías de propagación vegetativa del café mediante el enraizamiento de estacas en microtúneles (Ruiz, 2015) a partir de plantas madres con alto rendimiento y tolerantes a la roya amarilla (Hemileia vastatrix), principal problema fitosanitario del café en la Amazonía Peruana, pero aún no se ha evaluado la respuesta de estos clones a la inoculación con HMA.…”