Fatores de risco à infecção pelo HIV entre adolescentes e jovens: revisão sistemática

Bossonário, Pedro Augusto; Ferreira, Melisane Regina Lima; Andrade, Rúbia Laine de Paula; Sousa, Keila Diane Lima de; Bonfim, Rafaele Oliveira; Saita, Nânci Michele; Monroe, Aline Aparecida

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.6264.3697

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Known risk or preventive factors for HIV transmission, like “number of sex partners during the last year”, “condom use”, or “male circumcision”, were also incorporated [ 26 , 27 ]. The multivariable analysis showed that the incidence of HIV infection in Wb positive–MF negative individuals was twice as high as in CFA negative individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as the larger initial study had been planned for other purposes, the samples were collected during the day, which might have reduced the numbers of MF in the peripheral blood substantially due to the nocturnal periodicity of the MF. In addition, treatment programs against river blindness, a disease caused by another filarial species, O. volvulus , had distributed ivermectin to the same population in the years before sample collection [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Similar to the situation in Tanzania, Endeshaw et al published that the effect of ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis in Ethiopia had lowered the MF prevalence, but not the overall W. bancrofti prevalence, as measured by adult worm antigen [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased HIV Incidence in Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaria Positive Individuals in Tanzania

et al. 2023

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Background: Infections with Wuchereria bancrofti are associated with reduced immunity against concomitant infections. Indeed, our previous study described a 2.3-fold increased HIV incidence among individuals with W. bancrofti infection, as measured by the circulating filarial antigen of the adult worm. This new study aimed to retrospectively determine microfilariae status of the participants to assess if the previously described increased HIV susceptibility was associated with the presence of MF in the same cohort. Methods: CFA positive but HIV negative biobanked human blood samples (n = 350) were analyzed for W. bancrofti MF chitinase using real time PCR. Results: The PCR provided a positive signal in 12/350 (3.4%) samples. During four years of follow-up (1109 person years (PY)), 22 study participants acquired an HIV infection. In 39 PY of W. bancrofti MF chitinase positive individuals, three new HIV infections occurred (7.8 cases per 100 PY), in contrast to 19 seroconversions in 1070 PY of W. bancrofti MF chitinase negative individuals (1.8 cases per 100 PY, p = 0.014). Conclusions: In the subgroup of MF-producing Wb-infected individuals, the HIV incidence exceeded the previously described moderate increased risk for HIV seen in all Wb-infected individuals (regardless of MF status) compared with uninfected persons from the same area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased HIV Incidence in Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaria Positive Individuals in Tanzania

et al. 2023

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Exposure to Armed Conflict and HIV Risk Among Rwandan Women

Schmeer,

Echave,

Nzitatira

2023

Demography

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This article focuses on the link between past exposure to violence and a critical public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa: HIV-positive status in women of reproductive age. Specifically, we use biosocial data from the Rwandan Demographic and Health Survey (2005‒2014) to assess how the timing and intensity of women's exposure to the war and genocide in Rwanda (1990‒1994) may be associated with their HIV status. We find significant differences in risk across age cohorts, with the late adolescence cohort (women born in 1970‒1974, who were aged 16‒20 at the start of the conflict) having the highest risk of being HIV positive 10‒20 years after the violence, even after controlling for current socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Women who reported two or more sibling deaths, excluding those related to maternal mortality, during the conflict years also had higher odds of being HIV positive, net of cohort and control variables. Age at first sexual intercourse and number of lifetime sexual partners partially—but not fully—explain the associations between cohort and sibling deaths and HIV. These findings advance research related to armed conflict and population health and indicate that experiencing conflict during key stages of the life course and at higher intensity may affect women's long-term sexual health.

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Fatores de risco à infecção pelo HIV entre adolescentes e jovens: revisão sistemática

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Increased HIV Incidence in Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaria Positive Individuals in Tanzania

Increased HIV Incidence in Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaria Positive Individuals in Tanzania

Exposure to Armed Conflict and HIV Risk Among Rwandan Women

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