Cultural adaptation of the Glamorgan Scale to Brazilian Portuguese: Pressure Injury in Pediatrics

Abstract

Objective: to describe the methodological process of cultural adaptation of the Glamorgan Scale to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: a methodological study of translation and cultural adaptation of the Glamorgan Scale, following the six stages: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, committee of experts, pre-test, and submission of the adapted version to the author for approval. The committee of experts was composed of five physicians and, during evaluation, a semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual analysis was carried out. The agreement and representativeness of the items were assessed using the Content Validity Index. A minimum value of 80% agreement was considered. Results: all stages of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process were satisfactory. In the evaluation made by the committee of experts, all items obtained an agreement greater than 80% in the first evaluation round. The pre-test stage allowed for a critical overview of the instrument, where few modifications were suggested by the participants. Conclusion: the Glamorgan Scale was translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Future psychometric studies are necessary to validate the scale.

Pressure Injury Risk Assessment in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Prospective Validation Study of the Glamorgan Scale and Predictive Comparison with the Braden Q Scale

“…The higher the score, the greater the impairment and, consequently, the higher the risk of developing PI. According to the GS criteria, there are three risk stratifications for the total score: at risk (10-14), high risk (15-19), and very high risk (20+) 22–24 …”

“…In cases of PI, the form included items to characterize the injury, such as location, stage, and dressing used. The second was the form used to register the GS (Portuguese adapted version) and the BQS (Portuguese version) scores; this form was filled out by the same researcher at each assessment during the initial 24 hours of hospitalization and at each reassessment every 24 hours thereafter 20,24 . The assessments were performed until discharge from the unit, hospital discharge, or death occurred.…”

“…19,20 The GS is composed of nine items: (1) mobility, (2) equipment/devices/hard surface pressing or rubbing the skin, (3) significant anemia, (4) persistent fever, (5) impaired peripheral perfusion, (6) inadequate nutrition, (7) low serum albumin (<35 g/L), (8) weight below the 10th percentile, and (9) incontinence. Each item is scored based on the present impairment, [22][23][24] and these nine scores are added to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 42 points. The higher the score, the greater the impairment and, consequently, the higher the risk of developing PI.…”

“…22,23 In 2021, a cultural adaptation of this instrument was made into Brazilian Portuguese, named Escala de Glamorgan. 24 This scale was designed to assess PI risk in children and adolescents hospitalized under intensive care from birth to 18 years of age; it is also suitable for use in preterm newborns. 22,23 Cultural adaptation and validation are essential in order to offer reliable instruments to medical professionals.…”

“…The use of validated instruments in medical practice provides certification for evidence-based care. Therefore, in the pursuit of improved care and PI prevention in the pediatric population, the objective of this study was to validate the GS, which was culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese 24 . Further, the authors compared its predictive ability with that of the BQS to assess the risk of PI in pediatric ICU (PICU) patients.…”