Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With T2dm

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction characteristic of these patients is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Early diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction is essential for the treatment especially of non-invasive manner, such as flow mediated dilation. Physical exercise is capable of generating beneficial adaptations may improve endothelial function. Objective: Identify the effect of physical exercise, using the clinical technique of ultrasound in the assessment of the endothelial function of patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome were studied, with a mean age (± SD) of 58±6 years, randomized into three groups. The training was performed for 50 minutes, four times a week. Before and after six weeks of training, subjects performed the endurance test and a study of the endothelial function of the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasound. Results: After hyperemia, the percentage of arterial diameter was significantly higher for the high-intensity group (HI before = 2.52±2.85mm and after = 31.81±12.21mm; LI before = 3.23±3.52mm and after = 20.61±7.76mm; controls before = 3.56±2.33mm and after = 2.43±2.14mm; p<0.05). Conclusions: The high-intensity aerobic training improved the vasodilatation response-dependent endothelium, recorded by ultrasound, in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

The effects of exercise on vascular endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…From the titles and abstracts, 7842 studies were excluded based on the criteria, and then 27 full text studies were reviewed. Of these, 19 articles were excluded; two articles were duplicate [ 22 , 23 ], one measured FMD of popliteal artery [ 24 ], two had patients with different kinds of diseases as well as T2D in the groups [ 25 , 26 ], three had T2D patients with peripheral arterial disease or diabetic peripheral neuropathy [ 27 – 29 ], two did not provide precise data [ 30 , 31 ], two additionally treated dietary control for weight loss [ 32 , 33 ], three involved unstructured or unsupervised exercise intervention [ 34 – 36 ], and four were just abstracts with incomplete data [ 37 – 40 ]. Four exercise groups (EX) with additional interventions were included after discussing because there was no difference in the effect of interventions on FMD, our major outcome, between the CON and experimental groups: (i) exercise in the hypoxic environment (16.5% O 2 , 2000 m) [ 41 ]; (ii) endothelin (ET) receptor blockade or a placebo [ 42 ]; (iii) walking meditation [ 43 ].…”

Improved brachial artery shear patterns and increased flow‐mediated dilatation after low‐volume high‐intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes

“…One recent study showed that high-intensity exercise was superior to low-intensity exercise in improving FMD response in patients with T2D (Silva et al, 2016). Therefore, higher-intensity exercise is effective in improving vascular function.…”

“…Previous studies showed that aerobic exercise improved endothelial function in patients with T2D (Gibbs, Dobrosielski, Bonekamp, Stewart, & Clark, ; Pedersen & Saltin, ; Schreuder, Green, Nyakayiru, Hopman, & Thijssen, ). One recent study showed that high‐intensity exercise was superior to low‐intensity exercise in improving FMD response in patients with T2D (Silva et al., ). Therefore, higher‐intensity exercise is effective in improving vascular function.…”

Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function

“…In recent years, low-volume high-intensity exercise training has become advocated with data showing comparable benefits to traditional endurance-based training in skeletal muscle metabolic control and cardiovascular system function [ 290 ]. Aerobic training of high intensity, compared to the aerobic training of low intensity and controls, has been shown to improve endothelium function (flow-mediated vasodilatation) in patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes [ 291 ]. Both continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval aerobic exercise can significantly improve endothelial function, in terms of flow-mediated dilation, the carotid femoral pulse wave velocity and the femoral dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity in health men [ 292 ].…”