Influence of Boriding Process in Adhesion of CVD Diamond Films on Tungsten Carbide Substrates

Campos, Raonei Alves; Contin, Andre; Trava-Airoldi, V.J.; Barquete, Danilo Maciel; Moro, Juliano; Corat, Evaldo José

doi:10.1590/1516-1439.331014

Cited by 12 publications

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References 24 publications

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“…Another used technique consists of the doping of the film with different elements, such as boron, fluorine and nitrogen, which has been widely used to relieve the internal stress of the film [14][15][16].The effects of the nitrogen incorporating in DLC film is the reduction of the internal stress due to the decrease in the formation of carbon atoms with sp 3 hybridization. As a consequence, the film hardness is reduced and the DLC film adhesion on the substrate is facilitated, arousing interest in synthesis and application of these films [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]67].The production of DLC and N-DLC films by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique comes as a potential alternative of a surface treatment since it presents a relatively low cost, clean technology and formation of the homogeneous and uniform film [9,22]. This technique is being the focus of research for DLC film formation in Ti 6 Al 4 V alloy for space application [23], for application of DLC film in 316L stainless steel to act as anti-bactericidal agent in biomedical device [24], used to produce DLC film on inner surface of a long stainless steel tube [25], used to show the beneficial effects on the increased electrochemical activity of the DLC film doped with nitrogen [16,26] and to investigate the lubricating effect of the DLC film doped with nitrogen deposited on 3024 stainless steel to improve the tribocorrosion properties of the studied material [27].Since nitrogen is a low cost and environmentally friendly gas, it could be used to modify the undesirable properties of the DLC film, maintaining the high hardness and low coefficient of friction characteristic of the a-C:H films.…”

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“…The production of DLC and N-DLC films by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique comes as a potential alternative of a surface treatment since it presents a relatively low cost, clean technology and formation of the homogeneous and uniform film [9,22]. This technique is being the focus of research for DLC film formation in Ti 6 Al 4 V alloy for space application [23], for application of DLC film in 316L stainless steel to act as anti-bactericidal agent in biomedical device [24], used to produce DLC film on inner surface of a long stainless steel tube [25], used to show the beneficial effects on the increased electrochemical activity of the DLC film doped with nitrogen [16,26] and to investigate the lubricating effect of the DLC film doped with nitrogen deposited on 3024 stainless steel to improve the tribocorrosion properties of the studied material [27].…”

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Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti₆Al₄V substrate

Almeida

Souza

Costa

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The great interest in the study of diamond-like carbon films (a-C:H) is justified by its mechanical and tribological properties. However, the high internal stress of the film results in its difficult adhesion to the metallic substrate, which can be solved by nitrogen incorporation in the a-C:H film, allowing a formed film of lower internal stress. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of flow (20, 30 and 40sccm), CH 4 /Ar ratio (90/10 and 70/30) and voltage (400, 500, 600 and 700 V) in the a-C:H formation. For the best condition of the film, we studied the effect of nitrogen incorporation in the hardness and wear resistance of the a-C:H(N), modifying the nitrogen percentage in the treatment at 10% to 60% N 2 . The treatments were carried out in the Ti 6 Al 4 V substrate by DC-PECVD for two hours. For good adhesion of the films on the substrate, a silicon interlayer must be produced. The increase in the voltage above 600 V increases the I D /I G and film thickness, causing its delamination, and the gas ratio did not influence the a-C:H characteristics. The a-C:H film deposited with 30 sccm, 90/10 and 500 V was characterized as a-C:H (hard), with properties such as the hardness of 17 GPa, 30% H, 39% sp 3 and I D /I G ratio of 0.58. Since nitrogen reduced the deposition rate, the total gas flow for the production of a-C:H(N) was performed with 40 sccm. The Raman spectra of a-C:H(N) films showed changes in D band intensity and displacement in relation to the nitrogen-free film spectrum, evidencing the incorporation of nitrogen in the film. The XPS analysis showed the linear increase of the nitrogen incorporation in the a-C:H(N) film with the increase of the amount of the N 2 gas in the treatment, which caused, in general, a decrease in the amount of C-C sp 3 bonding, increasing the adhesion of the film in the substrate and not necessarily the low wear resistance of the formed film.According to Robertson [4] the DLC film that presents hydrogen concentrations between 30 and 50% receives the nomenclature of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), and presents lower hardness and internal stress than ta-C, facilitating the adhesion process of the film in the metallic substrates. This occurs due to sp 2 bonds formed in detriment of sp 3 bonds.The DLC films have been used in a variety of applications due to their notable properties, as protective coatings against wear and corrosion, in optical windows (optical filters), data storage hard drives, high performance automotive parts, coatings for biomedical products and electromechanical microdevices [9][10][11][12].However, as reported by Chen et al [13] and confirmed by Cemin et al [11], the high intrinsic compressive stress of the film, the high variation of the elastic coefficient, the difference in thermal expansion and the low chemical affinity between DLC and substrate difficult the adhesion process of the DLC film mainly when deposited on metallic surfaces. Thus, the use of techniques as oxide layer removal and the use of film interlayer previously to ...

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Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti₆Al₄V substrate

Almeida

Souza

Costa

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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“…HEEPIR creates nano graphite balls in the target surface, reducing its friction coefficient. Surface boronizing can obtain stable W-B-C compounds, to improve microhardness by 18% higher than that of the untreated WC-Co matrix, and has become an effective pretreatment for diamond deposition [13,14]. Electrodeposition has been extensively applied to obtain composite coatings embedded with hard particles of SiC and diamond [15][16][17]; especially, it can substitute the diamond powder seeding pretreatment to grow a continuous diamond coating by HFCVD [18].…”

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Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

et al. 2021

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WC-Co cermet was plasma-nitrided with the assistance of a hollow cathode ion source at 400 °C under a vacuum of 3–8 Pa. Hot film chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) of a diamond coating was carried out on the nitrided specimen, without chemical etching. Scanning electronic microscopy, electron probing microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface microstructure of the nitride specimens and the coatings. A thin surface conversion layer with a specific structure was formed, in which the primary Co binder was transformed into Co-rich particles. The Co-rich particles consisted of a γ-Co core and a Co4N outer layer. This specific surface conversion layer significantly suppresses the out-diffusion and catalytic graphitization of Co during HFCVD. The existent phase, morphology, and density distribution of Co compounds can be tuned by varying the nitriding parameters, such as gas media, ionization ratio, bombardment energy flux, and nitriding duration.

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“…La morfología de las asperezas es afín a estudios realizados por S. Sahin et al y demostraron que en el proceso de borurado se constituyen cambios en las asperezas de la rugosidad a mayores tiempos de incubación para una misma temperatura en aceros al carbón y micro aleados, sugiere que las asperezas evoluciona por un crecimiento del cristales de boro[96], de igual forma, en estudios de adherencia se puede visualizar que para acero inoxidables se tendrá una morfología de asperezas acorde a lo visualizado en la Figura 59[46], el autor no estudia la morfología superficial, la forma de la asperezas también se presenta en materiales carburo cementados utilizados como herramientas de corte, debido a que se manipula un material del tipo WC + Co, la rugosidad obtenida se exhibe con una mayor homogenización de crecimiento[97]. El comportamiento del crecimiento de las asperezas no solo se ha evidenciado para…”

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Estudio experimental y numérico del desgaste en un acero AISI L6 con recubrimiento difusivo de boro

Sánchez-Huerta¹

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En el presente proyecto doctoral se estudian las propiedades tribológicas de desgaste y fricción por las técnicas de micro-abrasión y deslizamiento en movimiento reciprocante de 10 condiciones experimentales, 9 con recubrimiento de boro y 1 sin recubrimiento en acero grado herramienta AISI L6, la técnica de caja en polvo es utilizada para el proceso de boro y se manejan 3 temperaturas (900, 950 y 1,000 °C) y tiempos de incubación (0.5, 2 y 3 h); la caracterización de las superficies y espesor del recubrimiento se ejecuta a través de microscopio óptico y electrónico de barrido logrando espesores de totales de 27.13 ± 4.87 a 179.97 ± 11.68 μm, presentando una morfología acerrada para las fases de FeB y Fe2B; con durómetro a escala Rockwell se establece la adherencia del recubrimiento y con durómetro Vickers se analiza la tenacidad a la fractura de las asperezas, se logra una adherencia entre HFI a HF3 según norma VDI 3198; para determinar las propiedades de Módulo de Young y nanodureza en el recubrimiento de boro se utiliza nanodurómetro, obtienen valores entre 272 ± 27 a 325 ± 19 GPa para el Módulo de Young y de 16.52 ± 24.48 a 19.83 ± 2.18 GPa para la dureza; en el caso de la determinación de las fases se efectúan ensayos de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) para las 10 condiciones experimentales y se detectan boruros de FeB, Fe2B, NiB, Ni2B y CrB ; para la química elemental se realizan estudios por EDS (MEB) en cada fase de los recubrimientos y sustrato, el análisis superficial se evalúa utilizando un rugosímetro y topografías por perfilometría óptica, detectando que la superficie no tiene un crecimiento planar uniforme y obteniendo valores máximos de Sa = 1.079 ± 0.094, Sq = 1.404 ± 0.114 y Sz = 8.665 ± 0.251 μm para la condición a 1,000 °C con 3 h de incubación; el análisis del Contacto Hertziano se efectúa a través de Análisis de Elemento Finito (AEF) con software computacional (Abaqus) calculando valores para una carga de 7 N entre 1,231 a 1,308 MPa y de 1,398 a 1,493 MPa para una carga a 10 N en el sistema tribológico estático del ensayo reciprocante. Los datos de micro desgaste ayudaron a determinar la propuesta de los mapas de desgaste por fases para su predicción en la pérdida de material bajo la carga y espesor del recubrimiento; se realizan estudios detallados para el sustrato con 3 condiciones diferentes de mezcla abrasiva (slurry) y una condición para los recubrimientos de boro, con la finalidad de poder determinar los cambios en la huella de desgaste, y como esta afecta al desgaste micro abrasivo; también, se proponen nuevas caracterizaciones en los cráteres de desgaste y espesores del recubrimiento del boro, proponiendo 5 zonas y tipos de desgaste, que junto al análisis de diámetro de cráter y profundidad de desgaste, se puede establecer un modelo matemático que tiene la propiedad de coadyuvar al análisis del desgaste por fases o zonas de espesores caracterizados y generados por el desgaste micro abrasivo, estableciendo que la fase FeB es la que presenta una mayor resistencia al desgaste. En las condiciones de deslizamiento en movimiento por ensayo reciprocante, en seco y contra cuerpo de WC se estudia el comportamiento del coeficiente de fricción a cargas normales de 7 y 10 N, detectando valores entre 0.47 a 0.55 μ para el recubrimiento de boro, se detalla la información del desgaste generando en la rugosidad y los cambios químicos como: óxidos y tribocapas, que afectan la dinámica del proceso por movimiento reciprocante. Por último, se estudia a detalle los mecanismos de desgaste que se presentan por la técnica de ball cratering así como su evolución en la formación y eliminación de la banda media del sustrato y los recubrimiento, requiriendo 4 deslizamientos con un contra cuerpo de acero AISI 52100.

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Influence of Boriding Process in Adhesion of CVD Diamond Films on Tungsten Carbide Substrates

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti₆Al₄V substrate

Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti₆Al₄V substrate

Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

Estudio experimental y numérico del desgaste en un acero AISI L6 con recubrimiento difusivo de boro

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Influence of Boriding Process in Adhesion of CVD Diamond Films on Tungsten Carbide Substrates

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti6Al4V substrate

Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti6Al4V substrate

Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

Estudio experimental y numérico del desgaste en un acero AISI L6 con recubrimiento difusivo de boro

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Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti₆Al₄V substrate

Effect of nitrogen in the properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on Ti₆Al₄V substrate