Sedative and anesthetic activities of the essential oils of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. and their isolated components in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Abstract

This study evaluated the sedative and anesthetic effects of the essential oils (EO) of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. and their isolated components on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Quantitative chemical differences between the EOs obtained from leaves and inflorescences were verified, and a new chemotype rich in globulol was described. Although there were no significant differences in the time of induction for sedation and anesthesia between the EOs, only the leaf EO at 344 mg/L anesthetized all fish without side effects. Fractionation of the leaf EO was carried out by column chromatography. The isolated compounds [(+)-1-terpinen-4-ol and (-)-globulol] showed different activity from that detected for the leaf EO in proportional concentrations and similar sedation to a eugenol control at 10 mg/L. However, fish exposed to 1-terpinen-4-ol (3 and 10 mg/L) did not remain sedated for 30 min. Anesthesia was obtained with 83-190 mg/L globulol, but animals showed loss of mucus during induction and mortality at these concentrations. Synergism of the depressor effects was detected with the association of globulol and benzodiazepine (BDZ), compared with either drug alone. Fish exposed to BDZ or globulol+BDZ association showed faster recovery from anesthesia in water containing flumazenil, but the same did not occur with globulol. In conclusion, the use of globulol in aquaculture procedures should be considered only at sedative concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, and its mechanism of action seems not to involve the GABAA-BDZ system.

Essential oils from Citrus x aurantium and Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) have anesthetic activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )

“…Ethanol controls were also tested at the same concentrations used for the dilutions corresponding to the highest EO concentrations. To evaluate the time required for anesthesia induction, 10 juveniles were used for each concentration and EO tested, and each juvenile was used only once, according to Silva et al (2013a). All fish were fasted the day prior to sampling.…”

Physiological responses of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) to anesthesia with essential oils from two different chemotypes of Lippia alba

“…In aquaculture, anesthetics (synthetics or plant extratives) are widely employed: from light sedation, to reduce stress during handling and non-invasive procedures, to full anesthesia to avoid pain during surgery and larger interventions (Small, 2003;Roubach et al, 2005;Ross, Ross, 2008;Kiessling et al, 2009;Neiffer, Stamper, 2009;Silva et al, 2013a;Roohi, Imanpoor, 2015).…”

“…The anesthetic efficacy of several essential oils (EOs), such as Hyptis mutabilis (Silva et al, 2013a), Ocotea acutifolia (Silva et al, 2013b), Hesperozygis ringens (Silva et al, 2013b;Toni et al, 2014), Aloysia triphylla and Ocimum gratissimum , has been demonstrated in fish. The EO of Lippia alba has been highlighted in the last decade through studies reporting its potential as antioxidant, anesthetic and sedative for fish (Cunha et al, 2010;Becker et al, 2012;Heldwein et al, 2014;Toni et al, 2014;Hohlenwerger et al, 2016).…”

Essential oils of Cunila galioides and Origanum majorana as anesthetics for Rhamdia quelen: efficacy and effects on ventilation and ionoregulation

“…As regards the EOO, one of its main constituents is terpinen-4-ol, which has presented sedative effect at low concentrations (3-10 mg L -1 ) in R. quelen (Silva et al, 2013a). Another major compound of EOO, cis-terpineol, has anesthetic activity and modulating GABA A capacity (Watt et al, 2008), but so far no anesthetic activity was related to the other compounds found in EOC and EOO.…”