Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e fatores associados em adultos: evidências do Inquérito ISACamp 2008-2009

Abstract

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (UP) e fatores associados em adultos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, com dados do Inquérito de Saúde de Campinas (ISACamp) 2008-2009. Analisou-se dados de 947 adultos, avaliou-se o consumo alimentar por recordatório de 24h e classificou-se os alimentos utilizando a NOVA classificação baseada na natureza, extensão e propósito do processamento industrial de alimentos. O teste de associação entre o consumo de UP e as variáveis preditoras utilizou modelo de regressão linear múltiplo com significância à 5%. O consumo energético médio foi 2.002,6 kcal per capita/dia, das quais 24,1% atribui-se aos UP. O consumo de UP foi maior em mulheres e aumentou conforme o grau de escolaridade, também foi maior entre os adultos jovens, entre 20 e 29 anos, assim como entre os ex-fumantes e os fisicamente ativos no lazer. Os resultados revelam que ainda há tempo de intervir em favor da saúde da população adulta. Nesse sentido, pesquisas que se dediquem a estudar o consumo alimentar na perspectiva da NOVA classificação de alimentos, as possíveis repercussões para saúde e a avaliação das ações e políticas de alimentação e nutrição devem ser prioritárias no contexto atual do país.

Type and timing of ultra‐processed foods consumption and its association with dietary intake and physical activity in women with obesity living in poverty

“…Similarly, in an analysis of data from the Health Survey of the Municipality of Campinas (ISA-Camp) (Brazil) carried out between 2008 and 2009, among women, the average energy intake from UPF was 25.2%. 34 It is therefore possible to propose that, among low-income women, as well as the Brazilian population in general, around onefifth of the total energy intake during the day comes from UPF, which corroborates previous evidence indicating that the share of UPF in the Brazilian diet is still lower than in some high-income countries in which the percentage of energy intake from UPF exceeds 50% of total energy intake, such as the USA and the UK. 11 In the sample, we observed a different eating pattern to that expected for main meals because we found a higher intake of UPF at main meals such as breakfast and dinner, as well as the afternoon snack, with lower participation for the morning snack and supper.…”

“…Furthermore, the intrinsic properties of UPF (i.e., practical, ready-to-eat and hyperpalatable foods) also contribute to an increase in the intake of these foods throughout the day. 7,34 The investigation into the timing of UPF consumption throughout the day raises important discussions about the hypothesis that UPF can cause food addiction (FA), a concept that has gained prominence in recent scientific debate. 39,40 Indeed, FA has been correlated with an increased intake of UPF, as indicated in studies by Whatnall et al 41 and Silva-Júnior et al 42 The intake of these foods early in the day is a cause for concern, especially at breakfast, because it would demonstrate an early search for reward and pleasure, just as it is with nicotine addiction.…”

“…The percentage of energy intake from UPF found here was similar to other findings in the literature, such as the study carried out by Louzada et al, 7 which, using data representative of the Brazilian population aged 10 years and over, reported an average energy intake from UPF of 19.69% of the total energy consumed. Similarly, in an analysis of data from the Health Survey of the Municipality of Campinas (ISA‐Camp) (Brazil) carried out between 2008 and 2009, among women, the average energy intake from UPF was 25.2% 34 . It is therefore possible to propose that, among low‐income women, as well as the Brazilian population in general, around one‐fifth of the total energy intake during the day comes from UPF, which corroborates previous evidence indicating that the share of UPF in the Brazilian diet is still lower than in some high‐income countries in which the percentage of energy intake from UPF exceeds 50% of total energy intake, such as the USA and the UK 11 …”

“…Limited access and limited food choices would lead to a preference for consuming UPF at main meals, given that, in recent years, the reduction in the price of these foods and greater diversity of places to buy them has favoured their acquisition by low‐income individuals. Furthermore, the intrinsic properties of UPF (i.e., practical, ready‐to‐eat and hyperpalatable foods) also contribute to an increase in the intake of these foods throughout the day 7,34 …”

A Influência Dos Padrões Alimentares De Determinada População Do Distrito Federal No Meio Ambiente E Demais Determinantes De Saúde

“…O crescente consumo de alimentos industrializados pode ser compreendido por diversos fatores, dentre os quais se destacam a praticidade, o baixo custo, a alta palatabilidade e toda sua relação com o estilo de vida moderno explicitado acima (PEREIRA et al, 2021). Os ultraprocessados são produtos alimentícios caracterizados pela presença de aditivos químicos, pouco ou nenhum alimento in natura e grandes quantidades de açúcares, sódio e gorduras, além do alto valor calórico e baixos teores de fibras, fitoquímicos e micronutrientes .…”