Os dependentes da renda dos idosos e o coronavírus: órfãos ou novos pobres?

Camarano, Ana Amélia

doi:10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.30042020

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…15 Grandparents, who are often the most vulnerable to COVID-19, frequently provide psychosocial, practical, or financial support for their grandchildren. 16 In Brazil, 70% of children receive such financial support, 17 yet Brazil ranks second globally for COVID-19 deaths, reducing options for kinship care. In the USA, 40% of grandparents living with grandchildren serve as their primary caregivers; 18 in the UK, 40% of grandparents provide regular care for grandchildren.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global minimum estimates of children affected by COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of caregivers: a modelling study

Hillis¹,

Unwin²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

The Lancet

181

149

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic priorities have focused on prevention, detection, and response. Beyond morbidity and mortality, pandemics carry secondary impacts, such as children orphaned or bereft of their caregivers. Such children often face adverse consequences, including poverty, abuse, and institutionalisation. We provide estimates for the magnitude of this problem resulting from COVID-19 and describe the need for resource allocation. MethodsWe used mortality and fertility data to model minimum estimates and rates of COVID-19-associated deaths of primary or secondary caregivers for children younger than 18 years in 21 countries. We considered parents and custodial grandparents as primary caregivers, and co-residing grandparents or older kin (aged 60-84 years) as secondary caregivers. To avoid overcounting, we adjusted for possible clustering of deaths using an estimated secondary attack rate and age-specific infection-fatality ratios for SARS-CoV-2. We used these estimates to model global extrapolations for the number of children who have experienced COVID-19-associated deaths of primary and secondary caregivers.Findings Globally, from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021, we estimate 1 134 000 children (95% credible interval 884 000-1 185 000) experienced the death of primary caregivers, including at least one parent or custodial grandparent. 1 562 000 children (1 299 000-1 683 000) experienced the death of at least one primary or secondary caregiver. Countries in our study set with primary caregiver death rates of at least one per 1000 children included Peru (10•2 per 1000 children), South Africa (5•1), Mexico (3•5), Brazil (2•4), Colombia (2•3), Iran (1•7), the USA (1•5), Argentina (1•1), and Russia (1•0). Numbers of children orphaned exceeded numbers of deaths among those aged 15-50 years. Between two and five times more children had deceased fathers than deceased mothers.Interpretation Orphanhood and caregiver deaths are a hidden pandemic resulting from COVID-19-associated deaths. Accelerating equitable vaccine delivery is key to prevention. Psychosocial and economic support can help families to nurture children bereft of caregivers and help to ensure that institutionalisation is avoided. These data show the need for an additional pillar of our response: prevent, detect, respond, and care for children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global minimum estimates of children affected by COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of caregivers: a modelling study

Hillis¹,

Unwin²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

The Lancet

181

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides the significant growth of the elderly population and the implications of these changes, retirement, public pensions and other social benefits received by the elderly population have become an important income source for many households, which include both elderly and younger people (Camarano et al , 2014). Additionally, this stable income, which increases the importance of the elderly through their increased purchasing power, previously ignored by business firms and society in general, causes it to become a group that attracts the individual and collective interest of business owners (Camarano and Pasinato, 2004; Osório and Pinto, 2007). In the international comparison, Brazil was one of the few countries in which it was possible to retire without reaching a minimum age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption patterns and demand in households headed by the elderly: evidence from Brazil

Travassos

Coelho

Arends‐Kuenning

2021

IJSE

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PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to analyze patterns of consumption expenditure and the effects of income, prices and socioeconomic and demographic factors on demand among elderly- and young-adult-headed households in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimated a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System demand system using the main household consumption good groups – food, housing, clothing, transportation, health care and other expenses – with data from three Brazilian Household Budget surveys.FindingsThe study results showed that elderly- and young-adult-headed households have different consumption patterns. The consumption of food, transportation and health care was more price-sensitive for households headed by the elderly, while higher income increases health care expenses in elderly-headed households to a greater extent than it does in younger-headed households.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations are due to the structure of the data used, such as the effects of seasonality and individualized demand analyses, and sample design in the estimates. However, due to the structure of the demand models, which when estimating by seemingly unrelated regressions do not allow to take into account the sample design.Practical implicationsAs a consequence of population aging, the Brazilian economy will experience changes in the composition of household consumption, mainly for food, housing, transportation and health-care-related products.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills the lack of studies that analyze the consumption patterns and how demand varies across different types of elderly-headed households in a developing country, such as Brazil.

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“…In Brazil, 15.3% of the older adult population live alone (82). Older adults not living alone (84.9%) often live in family arrangements typical of poverty, which include one or two older individuals, children, grandchildren and other relatives, and they tend to be important providers of financial support for their families (69.8% of their family income) (83).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Positive Self-Rated Health: Comparing Older Adults in Brazil and in Portugal

Cachioni

Cipolli

Borim

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Introduction: Self-rated health is a multidimensional health indicator and a predictor of adverse events in old age. Answers to this assessment are influenced by social, cultural and personality factors.Aim: Exploring common and distinctive characteristics of Brazilian and Portuguese older adults aged 70 and over regarding positive self-rated health according to sociodemographic variables, to functional capacity, to independent performance of basic activities of daily living and to neuroticism, as well as analyzing associations between positive self-rated health and these variables.Methods: The present paper is a comparative and cross-sectional study based on secondary data contained in the databases of the FIBRA (Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults) follow-up study, with 418 Brazilian older adults, and of the DIA (From Disability to Activity: The Challenge of Aging) study, with 380 Portuguese older adults. Both samples had higher percentages of women: 68.4% for Portugal and 69.9% for Brazil. The Brazilian sample had a higher average age (80.31 ± 4.67) than the Portuguese sample (76.80 ± 5.28).Results: The Portuguese older adults had better overall cognition scores, higher handgrip strength and higher neuroticism values than the Brazilian older adults. In the simple and multiple logistic regression analyses, it was found that among Brazilian older adults, subjects with higher scores in the MMSE (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.08–1.24), regardless of ADL performance (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.31–3.47) and with scores 24–29 (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.07–3.43) or 11–23 (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.15–3.79) in neuroticism were more likely to assess their health as very good/good. On the other hand, the Portuguese older adults with intermediate 24–9 (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.31–4.33) or low 11–23 (OR 5.31; 95% CI 2.69–10.45) scores in neuroticism were more likely to evaluate their health as very good/good.Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study and on the existing literature, it may be said that it is possible for people to age while keeping a positive perception of their own health, even in advanced old age; comparisons between the above-mentioned countries, however, point to the need for investments in healthcare systems so that older adults may enjoy greater physical independence and improved mental health.

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Os dependentes da renda dos idosos e o coronavírus: órfãos ou novos pobres?

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Global minimum estimates of children affected by COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of caregivers: a modelling study

Global minimum estimates of children affected by COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of caregivers: a modelling study

Consumption patterns and demand in households headed by the elderly: evidence from Brazil

Factors Associated With Positive Self-Rated Health: Comparing Older Adults in Brazil and in Portugal

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