Associação de baixa estatura severa em crianças indígenas Yanomami com baixa estatura materna: indícios de transmissão intergeracional

Abstract

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças e mulheres indígenas Yanomami e elucidar fatores associados. Estudo transversal, realizado em 17 aldeias, em 2014. Para a avaliação do estado nutricional utilizou-se as curvas de crescimento de 2006 e os escores-Z (ESZ) de estatura/idade (E/I), peso/idade (P/I), peso/estatura (P/E), os quais foram gerados nos programas WHO-Anthro e WHO-AnthroPlus. Estatura inferior a 145cm foi o descritor de baixa estatura materna nas > 18 anos. A regressão de Poisson e as análises estatísticas foram efetuadas no software R, versão 3.1.2. Nos < 5 anos a prevalência de baixa E/I foi 83,8%, de baixo P/I 50%, de baixo P/E 5,4% e de sobrepeso 2,7%. Em 59,5% das crianças observou-se muito baixa E/I e em 68,1% das mães baixa estatura. As crianças de 36-59 meses apresentaram maior risco de baixa estatura severa, em comparação com as de 0,1-23 (RP = 1,3; IC 95%: 1,1-2,3), assim como os filhos de mães com estatura < 145cm, em relação aos filhos de mães com estatura > 144cm (RP = 2,1; IC 95%;1,2-3,6). As alarmantes prevalências de baixa estatura severa revelam a grave situação nutricional das crianças. Já a associação de baixa estatura severa nas crianças e baixa estatura materna reflete o caráter intergeracional do problema.

Human Mercury Exposure in Yanomami Indigenous Villages from the Brazilian Amazon

“…Another factor that could further exacerbate mercury exposure is the limited access to basic health services as well as the continuous exposure to illnesses that are endemic in that region, such as malaria, tuberculosis, acute respiratory conditions, and onchocerciasis [ 35 , 36 ]. These are also associated with high levels of malnutrition [ 21 , 37 ]. With these conditions acting in synergy, this population becomes more vulnerable to a broad variety of health problems, including mercury contamination and its consequences.…”

“…In Brazil, healthcare for the Yanomami is governed by the Special Sanitary District Yanomami (DSEI-Y, acronym in Portuguese), which is linked to the Special Indigenous Health Secretariat of the Health Ministry. The DSEI-Y is subdivided into 37 Base Stations (considered as Basic Health Units), which provide care to approximately 22,000 indigenous people, including the Yanomami and Ye’kuana ethnic groups, living in 258 villages in the states of Amazonas and Roraima, North region of the country [ 21 , 22 ]. The majority of the villages are located in remote areas, accessible only by air travel or boat.…”

Assessment of Malnutrition and Intestinal Parasitoses in the Context of Crisis-Hit Venezuela: A Policy Case Study

“…Early nutritional disturbances result in adverse effects for individuals in their adult lives and can also be transmitted to future generations. Studies carried out in Yanomami communities confirm the intergenerational transmission of low maternal height as a consequence of the most severe nutritional deficits (Orellana et al, 2019).…”

“…Hunger, malnutrition, and obesity, are just some of the challenges Venezuela faces. Linear growth in children is a good marker to identify inequalities in human development and a sensitive indicator for the health and well-being of populations (Orellana et al, 2019). Early nutritional disturbances result in adverse effects for individuals in their adult lives and can also be transmitted to future generations.…”

Prevalence and factors associated with mercury exposure in riverside communities in the Brazilian Western Amazon

“…Concerning short stature, riverine youths had a 32% risk for short stature with mercury exposure, classified as serious by the WHO (33) . This result is similar to that found (35.8%) in children under 5 years old in the city of Jordão, state of Acre (34) , and much higher than the prevalence (9.6%) found in children under 5 years old in the state of Maranhão (35) .…”