Violência sexual contra crianças: autores, vítimas e consequências

Abstract

The scope of this study was to identify the characteristics of sexual abuse against children including the profiles of the victims and the perpetrators, and associated factors notified in a health service of reference with the database of the Brazilian Case Registry Database, in a city in the south of Brazil. Categorical variables are presented in prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. There were 489 notifications from 2008 to 2014 of confirmed or suspected child sexual abuse. The majority was related to female victims, but the repeated abuse was reported mainly with male victims. In most cases, the abuse took place at the victims' or perpetrators' homes and the main perpetrators of abuse were male and acquainted with the victims. Twelve victims have contracted sexually transmitted infections; pregnancies were six, five of them legally terminated. This study highlights that the child sexual abuse profiles were similar in almost all of Brazilian regions, showing that it is possible to have a coordinated national action to prevent this offence.

Violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: uma análise da prevalência e fatores associados

“…It is also worth noting that female children and adolescents were more likely to experience sexual violence, corroborating several other studies in the literature (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and reinforcing the evidence regarding the fragility of females in gender relations, whether arising from the superior physical strength of men, the inequality in gender relations and vulnerability, or the risk of women experiencing violence, especially if they are children and adolescents (7) .…”

“…The analysis of the 1,232 cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents showed a variation in the frequency of occurrences, with higher percentages in the years 2013, 2014 and 2016. This finding may indicate an improvement in the performance of agents responsible for the notification, in relation to the protection of the rights and needs of children and adolescents, through the training of personnel in the area of violence and dissemination of the violence module of SINAN as an electronic tool to combat violence (18)(19) . However, underreporting of violence is possibly higher, making it difficult to accurately characterize the situation of violence (7) .…”

Fatores que interferem no enfrentamento da violência infantil por conselheiros tutelares

“…In the reports, it is possible to note that families do not perceive themselves as aggressors, since they believe that punishment is part of the education process of the child. The cases of violence, usually, present themselves with cultural and social normativity 26 , and the family, which should play the role of protecting the child, is one of the main providers of aggression, compromising his/her welfare and the psychosocial performance 7,27,28 .…”

“…In the children's age group, violence reaches expressive numbers, is responsible for physical and psychosocial losses to children 3,7,8 and may negatively reflect the health of the individual as an adult 7,8 .…”

Validação da Escala de Crenças sobre Abuso Sexual (ECAS) no Contexto Brasileiro

“…Ressalta-se, pois, que o abuso sexual é um evento complexo que deixa marcas que vão além dos aspectos físicos e atingem, também, a dinâmica social, bem como o funcionamento psíquico da vítima, refletindo de maneira plena na saúde biopsicossocial (Silva, Ferriani, Beserra, Roque, & Carlos, 2013). As repercussões são diversas e podem ser expressas em sentimentos de raiva, culpa, vergonha, medo e desamparo, sendo oriundo dessa vivência o desenvolvimento de sintomas como depressão, queixas somáticas, transtornos de ansiedade, alimentares e dissociativos, déficit de atenção, baixa autoestima, baixo rendimento escolar e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, conduta hipersexualizada, abuso de substâncias, fugas do lar, furtos, isolamento social, agressividade, mudanças nos padrões de sono, comportamentos autodestrutivos, dentre outros (Espindola & Batista, 2013;Florentino, 2015;Von Hohendorff;Koller, & Habigzang, 2015;Platt, Back, Hauschild, & Guedert, 2018;Soares et al, 2016).…”