O direito humano à água e ao esgotamento sanitário como instrumento para promoção da saúde de populações vulneráveis

Abstract

Abstract

Condições sanitárias entre domicílios indígenas e não indígenas no Brasil de acordo com os Censos nacionais de 2000 e 2010

“…The strategy used to select the included municipalities aimed to minimize the effect of the territorial dispersion of the indigenous population in Brazil, which, in addition to being proportionally small (approximately 818,000 individuals or 0.4% of the national population) 10 , has a high geographical concentration. Thus, the use of a reduced set of municipalities with a larger indigenous population relative to the total population aimed to better compare groups of individuals who may reside in geographic areas with more similar socioeconomic and health characteristics.…”

A vigilância da qualidade da água e o papel da informação na garantia do acesso

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that lowquality water and the precarious sanitation and hygiene conditions cause the death of 200 persons per hour. Also according to WHO's statistics, 80% of diseases in developing countries are disseminated by water; be it directly, as diarrhea, or indirectly, as malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and others related to vectors that depend on water for their proliferation 15,16 . Thus, WHO estimates that investments in water and sewage could have an impact in approximately 9.1% of the global disease burden, i.e., on the premature mortality burden and years of life lost due to diseases 15,17,18 .…”

“…More recently, in the 2000s, the right to water was mentioned in the 'General Comment' on health as a fundamental right to promote human health. Despite these milestones, access to water was only internationally recognized as a human right by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010, with Resolution A/RES/64/292 on the Human Right to Water and Sanitation 16,32,33 .…”

Saneamento básico e desigualdades de cor/raça em domicílios urbanos com a presença de crianças menores de 5 anos, com foco na população indígena

“…No plano internacional, o Brasil aderiu ao protocolo da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e do Conselho de Direitos Humanos que ratifica o Direito Humano à Água e ao Esgotamento Sanitário (DHAES) 6,7 . Além disso, o país é signatário dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), que se propõem a, entre outras questões, erradicar a pobreza, assegurar uma vida saudável, garantir a disponibilidade e gestão sustentável da água e saneamento para todos, reduzir as desigualdades e promover maior justiça social.…”