Wet bulb and Conilon coffee root distribution under drip irrigation

Abstract

Knowledge of the wet bulb and the root system of the Conilon coffee plant is highly important for the correct management of irrigation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize the wet bulb and Conilon coffee root distribution under drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in the city of São Mateus, ES, Brazil with five replications of a completely randomized design of a 4 x 6 split-plot scheme, which represents four points located according to plant location and six depths. Two points were located in the plant line and two points between lines. For row spacing, we used a split-plot scheme 5 x 6 with five points in relation with plant location and six depths with five replications. The coffee roots were analysed by volume, superficial area, length and diameter. The wet bulb was measured with tubes located in six points near the plants with two points in the plant row (between two plants) and five points between rows. The measurements were conducted at four depth ranges with three replications. The wet bulb reached a depth of between 0.40 and 0.50 m, providing an excess of water in depth, evidencing the importance of this characterization for the irrigation management of drip-irrigated Conilon coffee. The depth of the radicular system for better irrigation management efficiency of drip-irrigated coffee is 0.30 m, exhibiting 67.4% of root volume and 68.0% of surface area.Index terms: Coffea canephora; soil moisture; irrigation management. RESUMOO conhecimento do bulbo molhado e do sistema radicular do cafeeiro Conilon é de suma importância para o manejo correto da irrigação. Diante disso, objetivou-se caracterizar o bulbo molhado e o sistema radicular do cafeeiro Conilon sob irrigação localizada. O experimento foi realizado em São Mateus-ES, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcela subdividida 4 x 6, sendo quatro pontos em relação à planta e seis faixas de profundidade, com cinco repetições. Sendo dois na linha e sete na entre linha com distância entre si de 0,20 m. E na entre linha do cafeeiro em parcela subdividida 5 x 6, sendo cinco pontos em relação à planta e seis faixas de profundidade, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados volume, área superficial, comprimento e diâmetro de raiz. O bulbo molhado foi determinado usando tubos dispostos em seis pontos em relação à planta, sendo um ponto na linha de plantio do cafeeiro entre duas plantas, e em cinco pontos na entre linha, sendo as medições realizadas em quatro faixas de profundidades, com três repetições. O bulbo molhado atingiu profundidade entre 0,40 a 0,50 m, proporcionando excesso de água em profundidade, evidenciando a importância dessa caracterização para o manejo da irrigação do cafeeiro Conilon irrigado por gotejamento. A profundidade do sistema radicular para melhor eficiência do manejo da irrigação do café Conilon irrigado por gotejamento é de 0,30 m, tendo apresentaram está profundidade 67,4% do volume de raiz e 68,0% de área superficial.Termos para indexação: Coffea canephora; umidade do solo; manejo da irrigação.

Effect of Irrigation on Root Development of Coffee Plants

“…The greater development of the root system under the drip tube was possibly due to the maintenance of soil moisture near the wet bulb (SOUZA et al, 2018) and by fertigation (PARTELLI et al, 2014;RONCHI et al, 2015) and higher accumulation of nutrients (RAMOS et al, 2013). A separate effect of sampled layer (p<0.05) was also detected on RLD and RWD for fine and medium roots (Table 5).…”

“…The root system of the coffee varies depending on species, genotype, plant age, season, crop density, biotic stresses, texture, and soil structure (PARTELLI et al, 2014;RONCHI et al, 2015) Although the root system of coffee has its development characteristics linked primarily to the plant genetics, other factors can also modify its spatial distribution; e.g., amount of water present in the soil (BARRETO et al, 2006) and nutrient availability to plants (VICENTE et al, 2017). The water availability provided by irrigation can influence the primary and secondary development of the root system in the various soil layers (SOUZA et al, 2018).…”

Repercussions of the Level of Shading and the Type of Container in the Seedling Stage on the Growth of Irrigated and Non-irrigated Coffee Plants in the Field

“…Predominantly, one can expound the difference in the distribution of the root system between the two research by elucidating that the root system of the plants used by the authors was evaluated 66 months after transplanting, with the evaluation being carried out up to 60 cm deep layer, while in the present investigation the roots were evaluated 36 months after transplanting. Recently, Souza et al [37] found the wet bulb along with the depletion of the root system of conilon coffee under localised irrigation, which in turn verifies the concentration of 68% of the surface area up to the depth of 30 cm.…”