Ostrich eggshell as calcium source for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite partially substituted with zinc

Abstract

In the present study, hydroxyapatite and Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite powders were synthesized using ostrich eggshell as a calcium source. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the present phases, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for quantitative chemical analysis of the synthesized and heat treated powders. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique was used before and after heat treatments at 700, 900 and 1100 °C in order to identify the functional groups present, as an additional technique to the XRD analysis. The results presented in this study represent a promising method for synthesis of hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite partially substituted with zinc, since the results showed no undesirable phases or impurities in the produced powders. It was observed that Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite showed higher thermal stability, when compared to pure hydroxyapatite.

Obtaining hydroxyapatite with different precursors for application as a biomaterial

“…In the samples obtained by the two routes the characteristic peaks of HAp were present. An observed difference between the HAp obtained was related to the presence of a peak in the region of 1600 and 3400 cm -1 , relative to the OH group of the lower intensity hydroxyl in sample 2, possibly from the presence of structural H 2 O; bands at 1470 and 1420 cm -1 of symmetrical stretching of the C-O group were also identified [56,60,61]. According to the result of the FTIR it was observed that the hydroxyapatite obtained by the biological precursor had less amount of hydroxyl group (OH) in the structure, which may be associated with increased crystallinity of the same, corroborating with the XRD results and confirming the greater stability of the microstructure when compared to the mineral precursor.…”

Obtaining hydroxiapatite through biological residues for dental bone graft

“…De avestruz: El avestruz es una especie nativa de África, país que alberga la mayor producción de esta ave, mientras que Brasil es el segundo país con la mayor población de avestruces en el mundo. Un avestruz hembra puede dar 60 huevos al año, un huevo de avestruz llega a pesar cerca de un kilo y medio; su cáscara está formada por 97.4 % de carbonato de calcio, 1.9 % fosfato de magnesio y 0.7 % de fosfato tricálcico (14).…”

“…La diferencia entre el huevo de gallina y de avestruz radica principalmente en las porfirinas que constituyen su componente orgánica, la cual en el proceso de calcinación se transforma en CO 2 gaseoso y no participa de la síntesis de HAP. (14) El estudio de Durmus y col. evalúa la biocompatibilidad actividad ósea de la hidroxiapatita tomada de cáscara de huevo de avestruz y la compara con una matriz ósea comercial, injertándolas en calotas de conejos adultos. Su evaluación fue realizada en 3 periodos de tiempo, 1 mes, 2 meses y 3 meses, concluyendo que la matriz ósea comercial tuvo mejor comportamiento en regeneración ósea y reabsorción, ya que al término de los 3 meses de evaluación la hidroxiapatita experimental de cáscara de avestruz aún no se había reabsorbido (15).…”

Evaluation of Calcium Carbonate Content in Eggshells of Avian, Turtle, Snail, and Ostrich Using Chemical Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy

“…The eggshell of the European pond turtle consists mostly of calcium carbonate in aragonite form, while eggshells of other reptiles and birds contain mostly calcium carbonate in calcite form [3]. Compared to chicken eggs, the ostrich eggs weigh approximately 1.5 kg and 97% of the ostrich shell is of mineral origin allocated among calcium carbonate (97.4%), magnesium phosphate (1.9%), and tricalcium phosphate, TCP (0.7%) [4]. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that a female ostrich is able to produce approximately 60 eggs per year.…”