Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary Systems Containing Ethylic Biodiesel + Anhydrous Ethanol + Refined Vegetable Oil (Sunflower Oil, Canola Oil and Palm Oil): Experimental Data and Thermodynamic Modeling

Abstract

-Phase equilibria of the reaction components are essential data for the design and process operations of biodiesel production. Despite their importance for the production of ethylic biodiesel, the reaction mixture, reactant (oil and ethanol) and the product (fatty acid ethyl esters) up to now have received less attention than the corresponding systems formed during the separation and purification phases of biodiesel production using ethanol. In this work, new experimental measurements were performed for the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the system containing vegetable oil (sunflower oil and canola oil) + ethylic biodiesel of refined vegetable oil + anhydrous ethanol at 303.15 and at 323.15 K and the system containing refined palm oil + ethylic biodiesel of refined palm oil + ethanol at 318.15 K. The experimental data were successfully correlated by the nonrandom two−liquid (NRTL) model; the average deviations between calculated and experimental data were smaller than 1.00%.

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Measurement and Thermodynamic Modeling of the {Sterculia striata Biodiesel + Glycerol + Ethanol} System

“…A magnetic stirrer was used to promote contact between the components inside the cell. Detailed descriptions of the methodologies for obtaining the binodal curves and tie lines were presented in previous studies. , The quality of experimental data was determined according to a method proposed by Marcilla et al, which was successfully applied in previous studies. − …”

Synthesis and characterization of monoacylglycerols through glycerolysis of ethyl esters derived from linseed oil by green processes

“…32 Besides, as reduce environmental impacts avoiding the emission of greenhouse gases and using a renewable product obtained by biotechnological processes, the ethanol still is a non-toxic compound and safe to human health, 33 and it is produced in large quantities from sugar cane in Brazil. 36 Schulz et al, 8 reported the synthesis of MAGs from glycerolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters with glycerol. These FAMEs were obtained from transesterication reactions of the linseed oil and methanol.…”

“… 32 Besides, as reduce environmental impacts avoiding the emission of greenhouse gases and using a renewable product obtained by biotechnological processes, the ethanol still is a non-toxic compound and safe to human health, 33 and it is produced in large quantities from sugar cane in Brazil. 36 …”

Intensification of Biodiesel Synthesis Reactor Using Biphasic Homogenous Catalytic Reaction: Parametric Study

“…In palm oil, triolein represents only 35 wt % of the overall mass, while tripalmitin dominates the composition. Thus, two-phase equilibrium would be relatively different, because of the content of saturated fatty acids, where 20 wt % ethanol in palm oil can form two liquid phases at 45 °C …”

“…Thus, two-phase equilibrium would be relatively different, because of the content of saturated fatty acids, where 20 wt % ethanol in palm oil can form two liquid phases at 45 °C. 4 Intensification of the biodiesel synthesis reaction with separation targets low product or high reactant concentrations in the reactive medium and thus attainment of high rate and yield of reaction. For the case of liquid−liquid system, impurities of reactant can be separated from the products as well.…”