Breast cancer is one of the common tumors occurring in woman and despite treatment, the prognostic is poor. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, has been reported to have chemopreventive\chemotherapeutic potential in multiple tumor types. Here, we investigated the genistein antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 breast cancer, underlying the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. MCF-7 cancer and CCD1059sK fibroblast cells were treated with estradiol (10 nM) or genistein (0.01-100 μM) for 24, 48, and 72 h and the cell proliferation was investigated by MTT; membrane cell permeability was evaluated by LDH and PI incorporation; apoptosis was investigated by externalization of phosphatidylserine by FACS; and presence of autophagy was detected by LC3A/B immunostaining. The expression of apoptotic proteins and antioxidant enzymes was evaluated by qPCR. The results demonstrate that genistein (100 μM) for 72 h of treatment selectively reduced MCF-7 cell proliferation independent of estrogen receptor activation, while no cytotoxicity was observed in fibroblast cells. Further experiments showed that genistein induced phosphatidylserine externalization and LC3A/B immunopositivity in MCF-7 cells, indicating apoptosis and autophagy cell death. Genistein increased in three times proapoptotic BAX/Bcl-2 ratio and promoted a parallel downregulation of 20 times of antiapoptotic survivin. In addition, genistein promoted a decrease of 5.5, 9.3, and 3.6 times of MnSOD, CuZnSOD, and TrxR mRNA expression, respectively, while the GPx expression was increased by 6.5 times. These results suggest that the antitumor effect of genistein involved the modulation of antioxidant enzyme and apoptotic signaling expression, which resulted in apoptosis and progression of autophagy.
The synthesis of monoacylglycerol (MAG) through the glycerolysis of ethyl ester mixture (biodiesel) was investigated in this study from linseed oil, low-cost alternative feedstock, using an alkaline catalyst with green reagent.
The flexibility introduced by Conunercial-Off-The Shelf (COTS) SRAM based FPGAs in on-board system designs make them an attractive option for military and aerospace applications. However, the advances towards the nanometer technology come together with a higher vulnerability of integrated circuits to radiation perturbations. In mission critical applications it is important to improve the reliability of applications by using fault-tolerance techniques. In this work, a non-intrusive fault tolerance technique has been developed. The proposed technique targets soft processors (e.g. LEON3), and its detection mechanism uses a Bus Monitor to compare output data of a main soft-processor with its redundant module. In case of a mismatch, an error signal is activated, triggering the proposed fault tolerance strategy. This approach shows to be more efficient than the state-of-the-art Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) and Software Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance (SIHFT) approaches in order to detect and to correct faults on the fly with low area overhead and with no major performance penalties. The chosen case study is an under development On Board Computer (OBC) system, conceived to be employed in future missions of the Brazilian Institute of Space Research (INPE).
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