Inovação aberta no processo de pesquisa e desenvolvimento: uma análise da cooperação entre empresas automotivas e universidades

Abstract

Resumo: A crescente demanda por inovação e a necessidade de reduzir o tempo e o custo do desenvolvimento de novos produtos têm mudado o cenário automotivo nacional, o qual foi por muito tempo caracterizado por um Abstract:The growing demand for innovation and the need for reducing time and cost of new products development have changed the Brazilian automobile scenario, which has been characterized by a closed innovation model for a long time. Flex fuel technology has been a challenge for the companies in this sector, and it is the motivating factor of this study, which aimed to understand the open innovation process within the fuzzy front end context, identifying the main motivations and implementation gaps. In order to reach this goal, a longitudinal case study has been carried out in a consortium composed by nine companies and two universities. The methodology has involved some qualitative and quantitative research. The main theoretical contribution from this research is precisely the pioneering concerning the automobile assembly companies working in a collaborative way. This research has also major managerial implications. It points out the peculiarities that shall be considered in a coopetition environment, as well as makes suggestions to the managers regarding the way of working the initial innovation phases. The research portrays well the role of the Universities in this context.

Opening Science and Innovation: Opportunities for Emerging Economies

“…Innovation and research processes benefit from the collaboration with external partners, leading to enhanced results. [Akinwale, 2018;Lopes et al, 2017;Merino et al, 2015;Schuster, Brem, 2015;Scuotto et al, 2020] Mitigation of R&D project failures Reflationary perspective -avoidance of local research bias and fast error identification New business and science evaluation models characterized by open practices allow fast error identification and enable processes improvement. [Jamett et al, 2017;De Pablos-Heredero et al, 2013;Dewes et al, 2010;Gerhart et al, 2000;Strasak et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2012] Importance [ Armellini et al, 2014;Celadon, 2014;Remneland-Wikhamn, 2013;Calderón-Martínez, 2009 Intellectual property management model Exploitative perspective -generation of scientific finding with real-life applications IP management is based on free licenses, for instance CC licenses, in science and enterprises.…”

“…Another aspect highlighted in the literature about emerging economies is the building of new competencies. Оne of the primary motivations for collaboration between university and enterprises is the reduction of time for innovation by means of learning [Morandi, 2013;Perkmann, Walsh, 2007;Lopes et al, 2017]. As a result, individuals can acquire and develop new skills during their practices in the process of open innovation.…”

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“…Предприятия и научные организации открывают свой цикл создания знаний для сетей и подключают партнеров уже на ранних этапах инновационных или исследовательских процессов [Roman et al, 2018;Schlagwein et al, 2017;Dillaerts, 2017;Arza et al, 2017;Friesike et al, 2015;Simeth, Raffo, 2013;Touati, Denis, 2013;Cardoso et al, 2009] Центральная роль бизнес-модели в управлении ИиР Конструктивистская перспектива: разные форматы сотрудничества для создания знаний, новые пользовательские модели Технологии и научные результаты обеспечивают увеличение активов (открытые технологии, открытое программное обеспечение, открытые данные и т.д.). Акцент на добавленную стоимость [Khumalo, van der Lingen, 2017;Ngongoni et al, 2017;Álvarez-Aros, Bernal-Torres, 2017;Katsikis et al, 2016;Carvalho, Sugano, 2016;Bravo-Ibarra et al, 2014;Bueno, Balestrin, 2012;Saebi, Foss, 2015;Feller et al, 2011;Berglund, Sandström, 2013;Yun et al, 2016] [Akinwale, 2018;Lopes et al, 2017;Merino et al, 2015;Schuster, Brem, 2015;Scuotto et al, 2020] Выявление ошибок в проектах ИиР Рефляционная перспектива: предотвращение субъективных искажений в ходе исследований, оперативное выявление ошибок Новые модели оценки результатов бизнеса и ИиР на основе открытой практики позволяют быстро выявлять ошибки и совершенствовать процессы [Jamett et al, 2017;De Pablos-Heredero et al, 2013;Dewes et al, 2010;Gerhart et al, 2000;Strasak et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2012] Важность потока знаний Конструктивистск...…”

“…Другим вызовом для стран с переходной экономикой становится формирование новых компетенций. Одним из главных стимулов к сотрудничеству университетов и предприятий служит ускорение создания инноваций за счет обучения [Morandi, 2013;Lopes et al, 2017]. Благодаря участию в ОИ можно приобрести новые и развить существующие навыки, а непрерывное образование позволяет получать знания из открытых источников.…”

A regulamentação como indutora de tecnologias ambientais para a redução de emissões tóxicas em veículos leves no Brasil

“…Regulation as inductor of environmental technologies for the reduction of toxic emissions from light vehicles in Brazil Orlando de Salvo Junior Maria Tereza Saraiva de Souza resulted from the first research partnership between automakers through open innovation, in the national automotive sector (LOPES, FERRARESE and CARVALHO, 2017).…”