Preparation and characterization of composites from copolymer styrene-butadiene and chicken feathers

Abstract

Over five million tons of chicken feathers (CF) are generated all over the world by the poultry industry, with an immense potential to exploit. Keratin is an abundant protein found in chicken feathers that offers excellent thermal properties and it is durable, insoluble in organic solvents and chemically unreactive. Elastomers are materials with a wide application range, for instance, adhesives, shoe soles, plastic modifiers, tire industry, sealants, among others. However, it is necessary to improve their properties and mechanical performance at elevated temperatures. A good path to do so is to combine the elastomer with CF to obtain materials with enhanced properties. In present work, a composite based on styrene-butadiene (SB) elastomer and CF was prepared by means of melt mixing. Composites were characterized by FTIR, DSC, DMA and X ray diffraction techniques. The results show that there is an increase in stiffness of SB/CF composites compared with pure elastomer.

Evaluation of Chicken Feather and Styrene-Butadiene/Chicken Feather Composites as Modifier for Asphalts Binder

“…Raw CFP and SBS were tested independently for comparison. As observed, the CFP decomposition curve shows a weight loss stage at the range of 50-250 • C attributed to the beginning of thermal decomposition of keratin [26], a second one at the range of 250-400 • C consistent with the keratin denaturation and disulfide bonds breakdown, and finally, a residue (about 18%) at 1000 • C [20]. The SBS thermogram showed a single decomposition stage ranging from 400 to 500 • C, which is typical of this kind of material [20].…”

“…Studies introducing composites based on SBS rubbers and CFP as reinforcing filler have been recently reported [20,21]. The chicken feathers are fiber-structured proteins that can be leveraged along with a polymer to significantly improve the properties of other materials.…”

Evaluation of Thermal and Thermo-mechanic Properties of Composites Based on Styrene-butadiene Copolymer (SBS)-seed Shell Particles

“…Figure 5 shows the FTIR spectra for SBS and SBS-PSP 10 phr composite. The main functional groups of SBS are present at 3005, 2916, 2844, 1800 and 1639 cm -1 due to unsaturated carbons, stretching of methyl and methylene groups and aromatic rings, respectively [18,26]. In SBS-PSP composites spectra, it is evident the peak at 1742 cm -1 , which is attributed to C=O groups, as well as the signal at 3690 cm -1 from -OH groups and the peak at 1163 cm -1 associated to aliphatic ethers.…”

“…This kind of material may be arranged in a variety of structures, such as linear, radial or multi-radial block copolymers [1]. There are several studies of composite materials based on SBS reinforced with natural or animal waste materials [18][19][20][21] finding that its properties can be modified with the addition of this kind of fillers.…”

Design of Sustainable Materials by Cross-linking a Biobased Epoxide with Keratin and Lignin

“…Thanks to their peculiar physical and mechanical properties, chicken feathers have been extensively used as reinforcements for composite materials . Commonly used matrixes are synthetic polymers like polypropylene, , polyethylene, , and the copolymer styrene-butadiene …”