Extraction, chemical modification by octenyl succinic and characterization of cyperus esculentus starch

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to characterize, isolate and chemically modify tiger nut (Cyperus sculentus L.) starch with octenyl succinic anhydride. The efficiency of the chemical modification was 0.04. Chemical composition, particle morphology (SEM), particle size, X-ray diffraction, infrared analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and swelling and solubility power were determined for characterization of the native and modified starch. Both showed similar chemical composition and amylose and amylopectin contents, as well as absorption spectra in the infrared region without modification of the molecular structure and A-type crystalline pattern. The particles of both had an oval and spherical shape. The modified starch was more resistant to temperature and the gelatinization process occurred at 67.52 °C. These results suggest that tiger nut starch has a great industrial potential.

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) starch: extraction, composition, structure, properties, modification and uses

“…25 The particle size analysis indicated that the starch from some cultivars of tiger nut tuber had the largest size (average diameter, 18.53 mm), which was much higher than potato starch (average diameter, 15.45 mm) and corn starch (average diameter, 13.28 mm). 16 Besides, a very small particle size of 0.182 mm was reported by Neto et al 29 according to the particle size distribution analysis. However, the data seemed inconsistent with SEM analysis, which could be estimated to 1.59-12.7 mm from the SEM image under the guidance of a scale bar.…”

“…Apart from potassium metabisulphite solution, sodium metabisulphite solution was also applied in the steeping process. 27,29 When sodium hydroxide was used in the steeping process, a so-called alkali method was applied for starch isolation. Jing et al 25 applied the alkali method, in which the tiger nut meal was soaked in 0.15% sodium hydroxide at the solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 15 (w/v).…”

“…17,29 The reason was probably that protein and lipid were not thoroughly removed. 29 The TNS granules are mainly composed of amylopectin and amylose. The amylose content of TNS has been quantied by various methods such as amylose/amylopectin assay kit (based on a Con A precipitation procedure), 14 iodine binding colorimetric/spectrophotometry, [24][25][26]29,32 and sizeexclusion chromatography (SEC) of whole starch by highperformance SEC coupled with a differential refractive index detector.…”

“…Interestingly, except for different shapes, the TNS exists as granules with varying sizes. 25,29 Although the size dependencies on physicochemical and functional properties of starches from maize, potato, lotus root, etc. were examined by some researchers, 49,50 to date, there is no report focusing on the differences in molecular structure and properties of TNS with varied granule sizes.…”

“…It was noted that the cross-linked starch was found to have an improved flow profile and better compactness during tablet compression, which suggested that it may have potential as a binding agent in pharmaceutical industries. Neto et al 29 chemically modified TNS with octenyl succinic anhydride. The results showed that the modified starch was more resistant to heat and the gelatinization temperature increased from 62.27 °C to 104.76 °C, as depicted by differential scanning calorimetry curves.…”