Pesticide residues in strawberries cultivated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Abstract

Strawberries are of high social and economic importance and the crop is mainly produced at small family enterprises. Strawberries are repetitively amongst products in which unauthorized pesticide residues are determined. The PARA program launched in Brazil by ANVISA has disclosed that many samples have residues above the maximum residue limit (MRL). The present study appraised the pesticide residues detected in strawberries produced in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and marketed at the CEASA / RS. Along the harvesting seasons of 2018 and 2019, 62 strawberry samples were collected at the CEASA-pavilion destined for growers from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Each sample was tested for 238 active ingredients of pesticides. Of the 62 samples retrieved, 40% were considered satisfactory and 60% resulted as unsatisfactory. Of the 25 satisfactory samples, three samples did not present any residues, and 22 had residues below the MRL. Of the 37 samples with an unsatisfactory outcome, 11 had active ingredients not allowed (NA) for use on strawberries, 13 presented active ingredients above the MRL and 13 reports presented the sum of both: residues above the MRL and NA. Thirty five different active ingredients were detected in the samples summing up to a total of 303 detection events. The active ingredients detected most frequently were procymidone (66.13%); carbendazim (53.22%) and difenoconazole (50%).