Severity of clubroot in kale related to management practices and soil attributes

Abstract

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, limits the production of Brassica spp. worldwide. Little is known about the factors related to the development of the disease in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants and in crops in mountainous areas under tropical conditions. This study examined the severity of clubroot in kale crops as well as identify potential flaws in management and the soil and relief factors related to its occurrence. The study was conducted in 24 kale fields in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Soil and kale growth management practices adopted in the region were identified and samples of soil and plants were collected. Subsequently, soil and relief attributes, disease severity, biomass and nutrient and Al contents and accumulation in the plants were determined. There was a high spread of the pathogen in the areas. Inappropriate and recurrent practices in the region were detected, e.g., sequential cultivation of host species, low adoption of soil fertility analysis and liming and conservation practices, and community use of agricultural machinery and implements without prior cleaning. The disease was associated with more acidic soils, subject to greater water accumulation and with high levels of Al3+ as well as with higher Al contents and accumulation in the roots. Management practices must be adopted in the region to reduce the potential inoculum of P. brassicae and to increase soil fertility.

Compostagem de cama de aviário e seus efeitos na ocorrência da hérnia das crucíferas

“…botrytis). In Brazil, the cultivation of these vegetables is commonly carried out in an intensified way in regions of higher altitude, such as mountain regions, due to the climatic requirements of these species (Filgueira, 2008;Bhering et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2022a).…”

“…Significant losses and unfeasible areas for cultivating brassicas have been frequent in the main producing regions. It is known that the disease is favored in acidic or partially acidic soil conditions (pH<6.2), humid, and with medium temperatures, 20 to 25 ºC (Gossen et al, 2014;Bhering et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2022a). However, information and knowledge about the effect of organic matter on disease development are scarce.…”

“…Poultry litter is one of the organic fertilizers applied in vegetable crops in Brazil and the most used in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Santos et al, 2022a, b). It is waste generated in large quantities in poultry production, rich in nutrients such as N, P, and K, and widely used in agriculture as an organic fertilizer (Bolan et al, 2010;Rogeri et al, 2016), mainly in vegetable production areas (Bhering et al, 2020;Santos et al, 2022a).…”

Early-stage responses toPlasmodiophora brassicaeat the transcriptome and metabolome levels in clubroot resistant and susceptible oilseedBrassica napus

“…1,2 This disease has been spreading rapidly and the frequency of reports of its incidence has dramatically increased globally including on the Canadian prairies. [2][3][4][5][6] Despite many decades of research, management and mitigation of the threat posed by P. brassicae, this disease still remains a significant challenge for canola production.…”