Early-stage responses toPlasmodiophora brassicaeat the transcriptome and metabolome levels in clubroot resistant and susceptible oilseedBrassica napus

Abstract

Clubroot, a devastating soil-borne root disease, in Brassicaceae is caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, an obligate biotrophic protist. Plant growth and development, as well as seed yield of Brassica crops,...

Silicon ameliorates clubroot responses in canola (Brassica napus): A “multi‐omics”‐based investigation into possible mechanisms

“…The performed analyses resulted in the identification of several DEGs and metabolites associated with defence responses, phytohormone‐mediated signal transduction, nitrogen metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (Figure 8). Many of these altered processes were previously implicated in clubroot resistance in canola (Adhikary, Kisiala, et al, 2022a; Galindo‐González et al, 2020; Summanwar et al, 2021). Moreover, some of these processes were reportedly modulated in response to Si application in other pathosystems (Feng et al, 2021; Rasoolizadeh et al, 2018).…”

“…Many of these altered processes were previously implicated in clubroot resistance in canola (Adhikary, Kisiala, et al, 2022a;Galindo-González et al, 2020;Summanwar et al, 2021). Moreover, some of these processes were reportedly modulated in response to Si application in other pathosystems (Feng et al, 2021;Rasoolizadeh et al, 2018).…”

“…Expression levels of 16 DEGs identified through the RNA-seq were validated using qRT-PCR. qRT-PCR assays were performed using genespecific primers (Supporting Information File S3), using the reaction conditions as described in Adhikary, Kisiala, et al (2022a) and UBIQUITIN CONJUGATING ENZYME 9 (UBC9) was used as the endogenous control (Summanwar et al, 2019(Summanwar et al, , 2021. The cycle threshold (C t ) for each sample was determined based on three biological replicates, analyzed in two technical replications, and the relative fold change of the DEGs were calculated using the 2 ÀΔΔCt method (Schmittgen & Livak, 2008).…”

“…Omics approaches have provided a molecular‐level understanding of plant‐pathogen interactions and widened the prospects for improving clubroot resistance in canola. Using these approaches, the differential expression of genes, including those involved in the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), SA‐ and JA‐ mediated signalling, sugar transport, cell‐wall modifications and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis have been reported (Adhikary, Kisiala, et al, 2022a; Galindo‐González et al, 2020; Summanwar et al, 2021). In addition, metabolomics‐based approaches have implicated the involvement of metabolites like citric acid and glucosinolates (Wagner et al, 2019), as well as the phytohormone SA (Lan et al, 2020) in mediating resistance to clubroot.…”

“…In addition, metabolomics‐based approaches have implicated the involvement of metabolites like citric acid and glucosinolates (Wagner et al, 2019), as well as the phytohormone SA (Lan et al, 2020) in mediating resistance to clubroot. Multi‐omics‐based approaches involving transcriptomics and metabolomics have revealed altered metabolites as well as their associated transcripts in response to clubroot in B. napus (Adhikary, Kisiala, et al, 2022a; Aigu et al, 2022). Therefore, multiple omics approaches have significant potential in investigating molecular changes that accompany clubroot disease resistance.…”