Residues of veterinary drugs in milk in Brazil

Abstract

Veterinary drugs are used in dairy cattle management mainly for therapy and prophylaxis of diseases, which chemicals may leave residues in milk. Human exposure and the unintentional consumption of residues of drugs can lead to side effects and development of resistant bacteria, representing a considerable concern to consumer health. This paper presents the occurrence of residues of veterinary drugs in milk from 2009 to 2011 in Brazil, monitored by the Official Program for Analysis of Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods of Animal Origin. A total of 961 samples were collected in the retail and evaluated for the main β-lactams, tetracyclines, amphenicol, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides and avermectins. Residues of veterinary drugs did not exceed maximum residue limit (MRL); although, there is a considerable use of critically/highly important antimicrobials and avermectins in dairy cows, especially quinolones and tetracyclines. Doxycycline (9%) and abamectin (1.6%) were detected, even though these substances are not intended to be used in milk producing animals for human consumption. Norfloxacin (15%) was observed; although, there are no MRL established, consequently, no residue level should have been detected. No residues of streptomycin, chloramphenicol and β-lactams were confirmed. Milk in Brazil contains low levels of veterinary drugs so that toxicological risk regarding milk consumption could not be considered as a public health concern. However, due to the nature of the samples, which correspond to milk from several farms, it could occur a dilution effect. The absence of MRL established for norfloxacin prevents suitable interpretation of the findings and makes tough the control of these chemical residues in food. Detection of some antimicrobials and avermectins may be linked to extra-label use or noncompliance withdrawal periods suggesting that good veterinary practices are not being followed, since residues of unauthorized drugs have been detected.

Evaluation of residues of β-lactam, sulfonamide, tetracycline, quinolone, fluoroquinolone e pyrimidine in raw milk

“…A condition observed during the collections which may also have contributed to these results was the use of natural therapies by some producers, mainly small producers, in the treatment of mastitis, due to the low purchasing power of this group, this fact was also observed by Kayitsinga et al (2017). On the other hand, the effect of dilution cannot be ruled out (Rassouli et al, 2014;Novaes et al, 2017), which occurs after the mixture of milk free of antimicrobial residue with contaminated milk, which may also reflect the reality found in these samples. The low rate of violation of samples verified in this study is in accordance with the results reported by the PNCRC in the years 2010 to 2017, since of the 3,370 milk samples analyzed only 12 (0.36%) were contaminated (Brasil, , 2014(Brasil, , 2017(Brasil, , 2018.…”

Detecção De Resíduos De Antibióticos Em Produtos Lácteos

“…Um dos pontos importantes no padrão de qualidade é referente à presença de resíduos farmacológicos no leite. Os animais são medicados com substâncias distintas e cada uma possui sua particularidade, sendo essencial que os médicos veterinários e os funcionários das propriedades sigam às bulas e os períodos de carência determinados (NOVAES et al, 2017). Dentre os medicamentos administrados em vacas leiteiras destacam-se os antibióticos, utilizados nos tratamentos de mastites.…”

“…É notório que os resíduos de antibióticos estão sendo transferidos para o leite assim como para os produtos lácteos produzidos através dessa matéria prima (FONSECA;SANTOS, 2007). Logo, é essencial por parte dos agricultores seguir os padrões de qualidade determinados pelas agências reguladoras, seguindo às bulas e respeitando os períodos determinados de carência dos antimicrobianos utilizados (NOVAES et al, 2017).…”

Isorhamnetin: A Nematocidal Flavonoid from Prosopis laevigata Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Larvae

“…However, this strategy has disadvantages; for instance, it promotes anthelmintic resistance in parasites [3]. Furthermore, drug residues can remain in the milk and meat of treated animals [4,5], and once the drugs are eliminated through the urine or faeces of treated animals they can contaminate the soil or water, which is hazardous to the environment [6]. Plants with medicinal properties are increasingly of interest to farmers, who are searching for alternative methods to control the parasites that do not contain the undesirable features possessed by chemical anthelmintic drugs [7].…”