Seroepidemiology ofLeishmaniaspp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Oliveira, Patrícia Magalhães de; Garcia, Felipe Gonçalves; Evers, Fernanda; Barbosa, Vinícius de Morais; Obando, Diego Camilo Mora; Nasciutti, Nayara Resende; Garcia, João Luís; Nogueira, Geison Morel; Headley, Selwyn Arlington; Saut, João Paulo Elsen

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20160697

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Lastly, possible differences related to breeds were also considered. Ponies showed a higher seroprevalence than horses, as confirmed by the univariate analysis by GLM, in agreement with a previous study [ 63 ]. However, the data prevent the speculation of a greater susceptibility of the host species, since other differences between horses and ponies, including their management, may be involved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The univariate analysis by GLM demonstrate an increase in the risk to be seropositive to L. infantum with the increase of age. Although this finding does not match other data recorded in horses [16,45,63], the risk of infection is assumed to increase with increasing age due to horizontal transmission by vectors as well as the situation observed in dogs in which age represents a well-defined risk factor for L. infantum infection [64,65].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…Few studies have in fact considered variables that could potentially modulate the spread of infection among horses (i.e. age, sex, activity and type of housing), however without defining risk factors statistically associated with the infection [ 16 , 45 , 63 ]. The univariate analysis by GLM demonstrate an increase in the risk to be seropositive to L. infantum with the increase of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data

et al. 2020

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Background Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne pathogen endemic in countries in the Mediterranean basin, including Italy. Dogs act as the primary reservoir for this parasite, but other animal species may also be infected. Low-to-moderate seroprevalence levels of infection have been reported in apparent healthy equine populations in southern Europe, reinforcing the importance of exploring those species, including horses, that act as a food source for vectors and may thus participate in the epizoological scenario of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) and zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL). Since little is known regarding the exposure to L. infantum in horses in Italy, we assessed the seroprevalence in healthy equine populations from different CanL endemic areas. Methods The survey was conducted on 660 apparently healthy horses distributed throughout central and northern regions of Italy between 2016 and 2019. Blood samples were collected and the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies (IgG) was investigated by the immunofluorescence antibody test. Information on the location and altitude of the stables, along with the horses’ breed, age, sex, and reproductive status was obtained by filling in a questionnaire. This was then used for statistical analysis by generalized linear models to explore risk factors associated with seroreactivity to L. infantum. Results An average seroprevalence of 13.9% was detected for L. infantum in the equine populations investigated, with statistically significant associations between seroprevalence, geographical variables (northern vs central Italy, origin and altitude) and individual factors (i.e. age and breed morphotype). Conclusions Our results highlight that horses are frequently exposed to L. infantum. Further prevalence surveys in horses, also using direct methods (e.g. PCR), are warranted to clarify the role of these hosts in the epidemiology of Leishmania in Italy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data

et al. 2020

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“…No clear risk factor seems to correlate with Leishmania equine infections, except the level of endemicity of the areas and the cohabitation with other infected hosts, mostly domestic dogs. Indeed, comparison between several equine categories identified according to the gender, age, type of housing (indoors or mixed/outdoors), activity (recreation, farming and sports) and the clinical status (apparently healthy or sick) did not show significant statistical differences in the infection rates .…”

Section: Leishmania Spp In Infected Equids Of the New And Old Worldsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Infection of the equine population by Leishmania parasites

Mhadhbi

Sassi

2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Infection of equids by Leishmania (L.) parasites was previously described in both the Old and New World, particularly in Central and South America. Equine cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by the Leishmania species, L. Viannia (V.) braziliensis and L. infantum, previously identified in humans and other parasite hosts living in the same geographic endemic areas. Sporadic autochthonous clinical cases, with no travel history, were documented in several countries including Germany, Portugal, Spain, Texas and Brazil; L. infantum and L. (Mundinia) martiniquensis were the infectious species. Prevalence of subclinical infections is extremely low and CL is observed in only a small proportion of infected animals with the appearance of single or multiple cutaneous lesions located on the head, external ear, scrotum, legs and the neck. To date, there has been no report of visceral abnormalities. However, the mild clinical profile of the disease and its spontaneous regression may indicate that skin lesions related to Leishmania infection is underdiagnosed. Importantly, although the prevalence of Leishmania infections in the equine population is low, a risk may rise from its potential involvement in the parasite transmission cycles as a source of infection for phlebotomine vectors and susceptible mammalian hosts. This review article summarises our current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of Leishmania‐infected equids.

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“…in horses from south Brazil sent to two slaughterhouses registered with the Federal Inspection Service [32]. The investigation of seroprevalence in Araçatuba (14,59% [68/466]) and Uberlandia (24.1% [62/257]), two brazilian cities located at Center of country, also demonstrated positive results and the need for further investigation to determine the real importance of horses in the disease cycle [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Epidemiological characterization of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Pradella

Duarte

Escobar

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Leishmaniasis, zoonotic diseases, are in the top ten list of tropical neglected disease globally. The number of contaminated dogs in South America is estimated in millions of animals and correlated to the human’s cases, especially in Brazil. Equines became infected too and can play a role in the epidemiological chain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate risk factors to leishmaniasis in rural areas of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil by Leishmania sp. protozoa molecular detection and serological evaluation (ELISA) in equine and canine blood samples. Methods: This work included nine farms around the city of Uruguaiana. It was collected epidemiologic information regarding farm characteristics and biologic material collection of canine and equine, totalizing 113 samples. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Leishmania spp. in biological samples. Variables related to the farm were collected and evaluated through descriptive analysis followed by chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis.Results: Nineteen positive samples (19/113 – 16,81%) were detected, being 18 equines and 1 canine, in six of the nine farms included in the study. No animal showed clinical signs of the disease. According to the variables analyzed, when compared each characteristic separately, the presence of abundant vegetation and poor hygiene demonstrated to be risk factors to Leishmania infection in rural areas. The logistic regression showed that excellent general hygiene, proximity to the weir and trimmed grass were protective factors (p=0.038, p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). Having excellent hygiene represents a 70% lower chance of getting contaminated, keeping the grass cut protects the animal by more than 90% and the proximity of the weir represents a protective factor of 96%.Conclusions: The presence of leishmaniasis in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul was 16,81% and it was influence by farm characteristics. The role of the excellent general hygiene as a protective factor is extremally relevant in the leishmaniosis prevention.

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Seroepidemiology ofLeishmaniaspp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data

Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data

Infection of the equine population by Leishmania parasites

WITHDRAWN: Epidemiological characterization of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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