Quatro notas sobre as classes sociais nos dez anos do lulismo

Singer, André

doi:10.1590/0103-6564d20140012

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Marxist perspectives have been influential in Brazilian debates, particularly among critics who question the category's validity. For example, André Singer (, 9), a well‐known political scientist who was press secretary in PT president Lula's first term, argued that because about half of the Brazilian population is a subproletariat living on the margins of the formal economy, “the proletariat, properly speaking, occupies an intermediate position in Brazil, which can lead to the mistaken perception that they are a middle class.” Most Brazilian Marxist analyses of the “new middle class” similarly position the recently economically ascendant within the proletariat (Ruy Braga 2015; Kerstenetzky et al ; Pochmann ). However, whether and how Brazil's early‐twenty‐first‐century previously poor might constitute a new and distinct stratum, with shared consciousness of interests, has been little explored.…”

Section: What Is a Middle Class?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third line of critique has highlighted how Neri's economic definition of the “new middle class” masks the fact that increases in income and consumption have not translated into a reduction of structural inequality and cannot therefore be said to have ushered in a new class order (Esteves ; Figueiredo Sobrinho ; Vicente ). Or, even if a new class has been created, it may be a new working class resulting from the expansion of the proletarian base whose household living conditions may be closer to “poor” than to “middle class” (Pochmann ; Singer ; Sobrinho 2011; Souza and Lamounier ). In response to these debates, the federal government in 2014 went so far as to establish a Commission for the Definition of the Middle Class in Brazil (Sathler ).…”

Section: The Neri Debatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naming Brazil's previously poor: “New middle class” as an economic, political, and experiential category

Klein

Mitchell

Junge

2018

Economic Anthropology

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The early years of the twenty-first century were historic for socioeconomic relations in Brazil. While long known for stark socioeconomic inequality, the nation became internationally celebrated for its economic growth and successful poverty-reduction initiatives, which together propelled some 35 million "previously poor" Brazilians into what became called a "new middle class." The apparent rise of this "new" class has generated contentious debate and a range of social science studies in Brazil; yet this literature is little known in the Anglophone academic world. While some have interpreted this demographic transformation as an expansion of the existing middle class, others have questioned the utility of income-or consumption-based criteria for the category "middle class." Drawing from ongoing research in working-class neighborhoods in three Brazilian cities (Recife, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo), this article reviews and engages these important debates, examines the extent to which Brazil's class structure has changed, and presents a conceptual framework for understanding experiences of socioeconomic mobility and class subjectivities among Brazil's "previously poor."Keywords Middle Class; Class Structure; Socioeconomic Mobility; BrazilThe middle class is necessarily an ill-defined entity. This does not reflect a lack of theoretical penetration but rather the character of reality.- Wacquant (1991, 57) In 2008, as Brazilians were becoming aware of their country's rising international profile and decreasing poverty, economist Marcelo Neri (2008, 43) announced the arrival of a "new middle class," with millions of once-poor people joining its ranks each year. Neri argued that with these shifts, Brazil had become a middle-class nation. Brazil is, of course, renowned for brutal inequality-so much so that "Brazilification" is often used as shorthand for widening inequality elsewhere. So the idea of a middle-class nation arrived as both a revelation and a controversy. Politicians and marketers took up the catchphrase "new middle class" even as critics assailed its validity. This debate continues today, even in the changed context of a severe economic downturn that began in 2013, the impeachment of Workers' Party (PT) president Dilma Rousseff in 2016, and the subsequent rollback of many of the PT social policies that supported poverty reduction during the party's years in office . The current crisis stands in contrast to the optimistic years preceding it, when Brazil's economic rise and the "new middle class"-dominated headlines. Our historical distance from those brighter times gives us, perhaps, enough remove to consider the implications of Brazilian debates on the "new middle class" and to evaluate their significance for anthropological theory and ethnography.We begin with an account of the profound socioeconomic transformations that took place in Brazil during the first decade of the twenty-first century. We then review how Marx, Weber, and Bourdieu have influenced the

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Section: What Is a Middle Class?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Neri Debatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naming Brazil's previously poor: “New middle class” as an economic, political, and experiential category

Klein

Mitchell

Junge

2018

Economic Anthropology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A presente investigação foi desenvolvida numa Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). É válido mencionar que, quanto à coleta de dados junto aos idosos da classe alta, esta se deu em ambientes públicos tais como universidades, praças, academias, shoppings, dentre outros locais, respeitando-se o critério visto na literatura acerca da delimitação das classes sociais, proposta pela PNAD (Singer, 2015).…”

Section: Lócus Da Investigaçãounclassified

“…Esta pesquisa se torna relevante à medida que promove o esclarecimento sobre algumas questões, como é o caso da influência que a renda exerce sobre a saúde ou o bem-estar das pessoas, mais especificamente o público idoso e a relação que possui com a resiliência. Para tanto, como norteadores da pesquisa, quando se trata da questão renda mensal, foram utilizados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), um estudo prévio acerca da renda familiar que vai da mais baixa, aquelas pessoas que ganham até um salário mínimo; intermediária 1, que vai de dois até cinco salários mínimos; intermediária 2, que vai de cinco até seis salários mínimos; e a faixa alta que corresponde a dez salários mínimos em diante (Singer, 2015). Diante do exposto, a presente investigação teve como objetivos principais estudar e comparar os níveis de resiliência entre idosos de diferentes classes sociais (baixa renda e alta renda).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Resiliência E Velhice: Um Estudo Comparativo Entre Idosos De Diferentes Classes Sociais

Araújo¹,

Silva²

2017

Psicol Estud

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O crescimento no número de idosos no Brasil e no mundo é uma realidade nas estatísticas sociodemográficas. Tal fator é resultado do avanço no acesso aos serviços sociossanitários, bem como ao tratamento de algumas doenças que têm propiciado maior longevidade e esperança de vida. Desse modo, a resiliência é um constructo psicossocial importante que possibilita enfrentamento das adversidades na velhice. A presente investigação teve como objetivos principais estudar e comparar os níveis de resiliência entre idosos de diferentes classes sociais (baixa renda e alta renda). A amostra foi composta por 20 idosos, entre eles, homens e mulheres, de ambas as classes sociais, com idades que variam de 61 a 84 anos (M=67, 75 DP= 6,17). No contato com os participantes, foram utilizados instrumentos como questionários sociodemográficos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a análise da entrevista semiestruturada, foi empregada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A partir dos dados desta pesquisa, pode-se verificar que os idosos de ambos os grupos relataram dificuldades decorrentes do período da velhice, porém tanto o de nível social baixo como o de alto estão munidos de ideias e recursos para superar os empecilhos que a vida apresenta. Espera-se que os dados da presente pesquisa possam subsidiar novas investigações, com o escopo de somar dados inovadores, referentes à resiliência na velhice com idosos de diferentes classes sociais, considerando-se a escassez de publicações relacionadas a esse tema e as limitações deste estudo.

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“…In it, the structuring of a tenuous balance of the class coalitions involving sectors of the industrial bourgeoisie, the organized working class, the financial bourgeoisie and the Brazilian middle class was begun (SINGER, 2009;2015) 10 .…”

Section: Unionism and The Decision-making Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unionism, the Decision-Making Process and Social Security Reform in Brazil

Silva

2016

Bras. Political Sci. Rev.

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Quatro notas sobre as classes sociais nos dez anos do lulismo

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Naming Brazil's previously poor: “New middle class” as an economic, political, and experiential category

Naming Brazil's previously poor: “New middle class” as an economic, political, and experiential category

Resiliência E Velhice: Um Estudo Comparativo Entre Idosos De Diferentes Classes Sociais

Unionism, the Decision-Making Process and Social Security Reform in Brazil

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