Physical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Pre-Reacted Spherical Glass Fillers

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different commercial liquid phases (Ketac, Riva, and Fuji IX) and the use of spherical pre-reacted glass (SPG) fillers on cement maturation, fluoride release, compressive (CS) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of experimental glass ionomer cements (GICs). The experimental GICs (Ketac_M, Riva_M, FujiIX_M) were prepared by mixing SPG fillers with commercial liquid phases using the powder to liquid mass ratio of 2.5:1. FTIR-ATR was used to assess the maturation of GICs. Diffusion coefficient of fluoride (DF) and cumulative fluoride release (CF) in deionized water was determined using the fluoride ion specific electrode (n=3). CS and BFS at 24 h were also tested (n=6). Commercial GICs were used as comparisons. Riva and Riva_M exhibited rapid polyacrylate salt formation. The highest DF and CF were observed with Riva_M (1.65x10-9 cm2/s) and Riva (77 ppm) respectively. Using SPG fillers enhanced DF of GICs on average from ~2.5x10-9 cm2/s to ~3.0x10-9 cm2/s but reduced CF of the materials on average from ~51 ppm to ~42 ppm. The CS and BFS of Ketac_M (144 and 22 MPa) and Fuji IX_M (123 and 30 MPa) were comparable to commercial materials. Using SPG with Riva significantly reduced CS and BFS from 123 MPa to 55 MPa and 42 MPa to 28 MPa respectively. The use of SPG fillers enhanced DF but reduced CF of GICs. Using SPG with Ketac or Fuji IX liquids provided comparable strength to the commercial materials.

Monomer Conversion, Dimensional Stability, Biaxial Flexural Strength, Ion Release, and Cytotoxicity of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Containing Methacrylate-Functionalized Polyacids and Spherical Pre-Reacted Glass Fillers

“…The powder phase of the experimental RMGICs comprised of spherical pre-reacted glass fillers (SPG, Figure 3 ). The fillers were prepared using the protocol described in previous studies [ 25 , 26 ]. Firstly, the fluoro–alumino–silicate glass (SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –CaF 2 –ZrO 2 ) was prepared and mixed with 2 wt% of the CM liquid.…”

Effects of Different Amine Activators on the Monomer Conversion, Biaxial Flexural Strength, and Color Stability of Experimental Provisional Dental Restorations

“…BFS test was performed under the mechanical testing frame (AGSX, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) using 500 N load cell with the crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The BFS (Pa) of the specimen was obtained using the following equation 16 :…”

Rheological Properties, Surface Microhardness, and Dentin Shear Bond Strength of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Containing Methacrylate-Functionalized Polyacids and Spherical Pre-Reacted Glass Fillers

“…For pup protection materials, high mechanical properties, such as surface microhardness, are essential to ensure that they can withstand the cavity drilling or acid etching during the placement of definitive restorative materials [ 35 , 36 ]. The mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements are governed by various factors, such as the different powder-to-liquid ratio [ 22 ], particle size and shape [ 34 ], and composition of powder and liquid phases [ 21 , 37 ].…”

“…The fluoroaluminosilicate glass (SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CaF 2 -ZrO 2 ) was produced according to methods described in previous studies [ 21 , 22 ]. Briefly, the prepared glass was mixed with 2 wt.…”

“…In addition, the lack of HEMA may negatively affect the viscosity, flowability, and setting, which could compromise the handling characteristics of the materials. Previous studies introduced the use of spherical glass pre-reacted glass fillers (SPG) as the powder phase for experimental conventional glass ionomer cements [ 21 , 22 ]. The experimental materials exhibited comparable strength to that of commercial materials.…”