Influence of Fluoridated Groundwater and 1,100 Ppm Fluoride Dentifrice on Biomarkers of Exposure to Fluoride

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the influence of fluoridated groundwater and 1,100 ppm fluoride dentifrice on biomarkers of exposure to fluoride in preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was performed on thirty preschoolers recruited from naturally fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas (n=15). Total Daily Fluoride Intake (TDFI) from diet and dentifrice, and Daily Urinary Fluoride Excretion (DUFE) was measured over 24 h. Nails samples were collected twice during 30 days. Fluoride analyses were performed using a fluoride-ion-specific electrode. Data were evaluated using the Student and paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis (α≤0.05). Fluoridated groundwater and dentifrice were the dominant sources (r2 > 0.83) of TDFI in children from a naturally fluoridated and a non-fluoridated area, respectively. A positive correlation between TDFI and DUFE (r=0.50), and between [F] in fingernails and toenails (r=0.60) were found in children from a naturally fluoridated area. The [F] in nails of finger and toe were not correlated to TDFI. The consumption of fluoridated groundwater influenced the fluoride concentration in urine. In addition, the use of 1,100 ppm fluoride dentifrice did not influence the fluoride concentration in urine and fingernails.

Molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH), dental fluorosis, and caries in rural areas with different fluoride levels in the drinking water

“…This may be related to the lower number of children in the group exposed to higher levels of fluoride in the drinking water. Moreover, this is also an indication of other sources of fluoride (F‐toothpaste 1500 ppm) in this region, which was previously observed in other studies 12,15‐17 …”

“…Hence, it must be pointed out that the water source at home is the same as in each rural school. Moreover, F‐levels in the water are the main source of fluoride for children in this region 17 . Prior to oral examination, a fluoride concentration mapping of the school water supplies was prepared, and water fountains were sampled and analysed using a combined ion‐specific fluoride electrode (ORION—9409BN) and a reference electrode (900200) connected to an ion analyser 710 A (ORION).…”

Fluoride in Bottled Waters Consumed in Northeastern Brazil

“…The use of fluoride in terms of risk/benefit should be controlled by analyzing all its possible intake sources. Commercialized mineral waters, considered a source of fluoride intake, associated with other studies [13,14] will enable the establishing of an oral health care plan for the public in question.…”

Fluoride Exposure in Community Prevention Programmes for Oral Health Using Nail Clippings and Spot Urine Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A Z-test of the standardised mean effect revealed strong evidence (at the 5% significance level) for a non-zero effect (Z = 4.40; p < 0.001). Individual estimates for the back-transformed correlation coefficient ranged from −0.281 [Sousa et al, 2018] to 0.977 [Vidyadharan et al, 2020].…”