Chronic Periodontitis and RANKL/OPG Ratio in Peri-Implant Mucosae Inflammation

Abstract

History of chronic periodontitis (CP) is a risk factor for oseointegration failure. The osteoclastogenesis system (RANK, RANKL and OPG) is critical for bone homeostatic control. We investigated the levels of OPG and RANKL in peri-implant tissues from volunteers with and without a history of CP and their association with mucosae inflammation. This is a single-blind case-contro study. Diagnosis of a history of CP and peri-implant examination was performed on 46 volunteers, divided into control (without history of CP, n=26) and CP group (with history of CP, n=20). Gingival biopsies were harvested during implant exposure. Quantitative PCR evaluated OPG/RANKL mRNA expressions. OPG and RANKL proteins were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry assay. The chi-square test analyzed the significance of nominal variables between groups while continuous variables were analyzed by T-test or Mann-Whitney test, after Shapiro-Wilk test evaluation. The 2-ΔΔCT Livak method calculation evaluated the gene expression. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Volunteers with CP history had 23 times higher chance of developing mucosae inflammation. High mucosae levels of RANKL (p=0.04) and RANKL/OPG (p=0.001) mRNA expressions were observed in CP group. CP volunteers showed increased RANKL protein levels in opposition to decreased OPG expression. Even without active periodontitis, volunteers with a history of CP had elevated gingival levels of RANKL/OPG and higher correlation with peri-implant mucosae inflammation and implant loss. C h r o n i c P e r i o d o n t i t i s a n d R

<p>The effect of Phase 1 periodontal treatment on the salivary RANKL/OPG ratio in severe chronic periodontitis</p>

“…This finding is in line with the results of studies by Costa et al,19 Mogi et al,23 Tobon-Arroyave et al,21 Baltacıoğlu et al,22 Tabari et al20 and Ochanji et al24…”

“…In studies by Costa et al,19 Tabari et al20 and Tobon-Arroyave et al,21 the ratio was significantly higher in the patients with chronic periodontitis compared to the healthy controls ( P <0.001, P <0.05 and P <0.05). The present findings are consistent with the results of these three studies.…”

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“…Carbapenemase activity, level of expression of acrB and OMPs among Group I isolates were represented in percentage activity, fold changes and percentage reductions normalized against the values of Group II isolates, respectively. First, Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed to evaluate the distribution of data16. Data showing P >0.05 were considered to follow normal distribution.…”

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“… There is high level of RANKL/OPG in peri‐implant mucosae of patients with history of chronic periodontitis (Costa et al., ). Haplotypes in BMP4 and FGF genes increase the risk of peri‐implantitis (Coelho et al., ) MMP13 , TIMP2, and TGFB3 gene polymorphisms are associated with Brazilian chronic periodontitis and peri‐implantitis (Junior et al., ). BRINP3 gene has different contribution in chronic periodontitis and peri‐implantitis (Casado et al., ). IL6 gene polymorphism is associated with periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in a Brazilian population (Casado et al., ,b). …”