Influence of Temperature on the Antibacterial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of 5.25% NaOCl, Hypoclean and Chlor-Xtra at 20 °C and 45 °C in bovine root dentin. One-hundred-and-seventy dentin tubes prepared from bovine maxillary incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis. The specimens were divided into the following groups: 1. 5.25% NaOCl 20 °C; 2. Hypoclean 20 °C; 3. Chlor-Xtra 20 °C; 4. 5.25% % NaOCl 45 °C; 5. Hypoclean 45 °C; 6. Chlor-Xtra 45 °C; 7. positive control; 8. negative control. Dentin chips were collected with round burs into Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median), Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA and Tukey test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. In all experimental groups, CFU was minimum after treatment (day 0) and the obtained results were significantly different from each other at any period (p<0.05). After treatment, the Hypoclean and Chlor-Xtra showed the lowest numbers of CFU at 20 °C and 45 °C, whereas 5.25% NaOCl showed the highest number of CFU at both temperatures. In each group, the number of CFUs increased significantly with time (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of Hypoclean and Chlor-Xtra at 45 °C were significantly greater than other tested solutions.

Effect of the temperature of sodium hypochlorite on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold rotary files

“…21 In this study, fatigue resistance was determined with a device that was similar to that used in previous studies. 1,8,22 The length of the broken pieces was not significantly different between the groups, which indicates the presence of a similar location of stress in the root canal, i.e., the middle of the curvature in the root canal, which is consistent with previous studies. 10,22 Previous clinical studies have shown that when the irrigation solution is delivered into the root canal at different temperatures, the body tends to balance its temperature with the temperature within the canal, which is around 35ºC.…”

“…Furthermore, according to some studies, its antibacterial activity and tissue solubility increase with an increase in temperature. 5,8 Some studies have reported that the sodium hypochlorite solution can cause the corrosion of Ni-Ti files due to its hypochlorite ion content. This would affect its mechanical properties and increase the odds of a sudden fracture.…”

The Effect of pH and Temperature on Phenol Coefficients of Two Common Disinfectants Using Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

“…However, our findings indicate that Roberts is a better disinfectant than Jik at high temperature. Some workers have also reported the lower efficacy of sodium hypochlorite compared to other agents like Hyperclean and Chlor-Xtra at different temperatures [19]. At low temperature, phenol coefficients of the two disinfectants were not affected; an indication that cold conditions have minimal effects on the activities of the disinfectants.…”

Heat treatment of Sodium Hypochlorite : A Comprehensive Review

“…[24] Giardino L et al (2016) stated that hypochlorite at 45°C showed the lowest colony-forming unit with E. faecalis. [38] Yared G and Ramli GA (2020) was the first to study the ex vivo effect of hypochlorite heating on E.faecalis. They showed a significant reduction in the bacterial count when intracanal heating with System B at 150°C.…”