Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Obesity: The Role of Life-Course Events

Abstract

Periodontal disease is ranked among the 10 most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, and is considered a major public health problem. Its etiology has been associated with local and general conditions that could interfere in the host immune response. Obesity, like periodontal disease, has emerged as a prevalent chronic disease in high-, low- and medium-income countries, recognized as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cancer. A relationship between periodontal health and obesity may exist, but the mechanism that would explain this association remains unclear. Life-course epidemiology could be a useful instrument to investigate a casual association between early exposures and later outcomes, being appropriate for understanding the establishment of chronic conditions. This approach comprehends different theories, considering the time, the duration and the intensity of early exposition, and its impact on the development of chronic diseases in later life. Thus, the aim of this study is to hypothesize the different life-course epidemiology theories to explain the possible association between periodontal health and nutritional status in adulthood.

Involvement of insulin resistance in normoglycaemic obese patients with periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study

“…It is characterized by an exaggerated gingival inflammatory response against pathogenic bacterial microflora, resulting in alveolar bone degeneration and, eventually, loss of the tooth (D'Aiuto et al., ). Periodontitis is the most common oral infection, occurring among 20% to 50% of the general population (Suvan et al., ) and ranking among the 10 most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide (Nascimento et al., ). Periodontal disease has been associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases and obesity (Williams et al., ).…”

Prediction of Periodontitis Occurrence: Influence of Classification and Sociodemographic and General Health Information

“…Periodontitis may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease 4 and has an additive effect on development of diabetic complications 5 . Possible pathways enlightening the relationship between periodontitis and systemic chronic diseases include persistent low‐grade systemic inflammation 6 and periodontium‐originated bacteremia. Proinflammatory mediators may spread systemically, inducing metabolic disorders 7–9 …”

Oral application of a periodontal pathogen impacts SerpinE1 expression and pancreatic islet architecture in prediabetes

“…The development of periodontitis and diabetes takes years or decades. Thus, the concept of chronic disease or life‐course chronicity/epidemiology involving repeated exposure to risk/etiological factors is an important consideration . One such example is smoking and the development of oral cancer, which has a dose‐response effect (frequency of exposure) .…”

“…Thus, the concept of chronic disease or life-course chronicity/ epidemiology involving repeated exposure to risk/etiological factors is an important consideration. 34 One such example is smoking and the development of oral cancer, which has a dose-response effect (frequency of exposure). 35 Another example is the effect of smoking on an individual's health later in life (life-course study) as shown by North et al 36 These studies showed that chronic repeated exposure to risk factors/etiological factors can cause disease in distant organs later in life and are relevant to our model in which repeated exposure to Pg was extended over 22 weeks.…”