Robotic Surgery: Bioethical Aspects

Abstract

Introduction: The use of robots in surgery has been increasingly common today, allowing the emergence of numerous bioethical issues in this area. Objective: To present review of the ethical aspects of robot use in surgery. Method: Search in Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs crossing the headings "bioethics", "surgery", "ethics", "laparoscopy" and "robotic". Results: Of the citations obtained, were selected 17 articles, which were used for the preparation of the article. It contains brief presentation on robotics, its inclusion in health and bioethical aspects, and the use of robots in surgery. Conclusion: Robotic surgery is a reality today in many hospitals, which makes essential bioethical reflection on the relationship between health professionals, automata and patients.

Artificial Intelligence for Good Health: A Scoping Review of the Ethics Literature

“…Frequently mentioned was the question of who ought to assume responsibility for errors in the application of AI technology to clinical and at-home care delivery [2,32,48,49,[55][56][57][58]. The question often arose in response to the fact that AI processes are often too complex for many individuals to understand and explain, which hinders one's ability to scrutinize the output of AI systems [45,50,59].…”

Low-Cost Simulator Assembly for 3-Dimensional Videosurgery Training

“…In it, for ethical reasons, it is preferable to start in simulators and preferably in models that do not use animals. It is also important to emphasize that commercial simulators usually have higher costs than those assembled by trainee for himself 3 , 9 , 10 .…”

Robotic Surgery, Is It the Future?

“…The term robotics is derived from "robota" Czech word meaning "servant" or "worker" [1]. The robots have been used explore the depth of the oceans, in rescue missions and in the motors industry to replace workers on the production lines aiming to prevent human injuries [1]. It is perceived that robots have some form of artificial poor intelligence [1,2].…”

“…The robots have been used explore the depth of the oceans, in rescue missions and in the motors industry to replace workers on the production lines aiming to prevent human injuries [1]. It is perceived that robots have some form of artificial poor intelligence [1,2]. This intelligence is principally of practical importance as the difference between human-human interaction and human-robot interaction should be understood when operating the robot [2] but discussing that in depth is beyond the scope of this article.…”

“…This intelligence is principally of practical importance as the difference between human-human interaction and human-robot interaction should be understood when operating the robot [2] but discussing that in depth is beyond the scope of this article. Robots can be used in physical medicine and rehabilitation, prosthetics, diagnosis, and physical and social assistance to disabled and elderly people [1,3] but this article will primarily focus on using robots in surgery. The idea of using robots in surgery might have begun with the concept of a surgeon performing an operation at a distance without the physical existence of the surgeon who, in principle, could be in a different part of the world [1].…”