Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in high altitude sites of the Patagonian Altoandina region in Nahuel Huapi National Park (Argentina)

Velázquez, María Silvana; Stürmer, Sidney Luiz; Bruzone, Clara; Fontenla, Sonia; Barrera, Marcelo Daniel; Cabello, Marta Noemí

doi:10.1590/0102-33062016abb0223

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is worth stressing such large variations in the AMF colonizing the same plant species in a relatively small and geographically uniform area with the same aridity index. This clearly shows that AMF communities are influenced not only by the host plant, but also by local environmental factors, besides aridity level (Coutinho et al, 2015; Velázquez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, roots and rhizosphere ofMedicago truncatula: diversity and heterogeneity under semi-arid conditions

Mahmoudi¹,

Cruz

Mahdhi

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Mycorrhizal symbioses are considered indicators of ecosystem biodiversity. However, their diversity and relevance in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are poorly understood. This study addressed this subject, the main objective being to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity and heterogeneity in a semi-arid region. Samples of bulk and rhizosphere soil and fine roots of Medicago truncatula were collected at four different sites with the same aridity index (6.1), in Bou-Hedma National Park, Tunisia, a semi-arid ecosystem. AMF taxa were assessed by 454- pyrosequencing and identified by BLAST matching of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) against the MaarjAM database, targeting AMF SSU rRNA gene diversity. Roots were the hotspots of AMF diversity (107 OTUs out of a total of 138). Of the 138 OTUs, 113 found correspondence in the MaarjAM database, with 32 AMF virtual taxa (VTX),19 Site-exclusive (SE) and 13 common to at least two sites (Non-site exclusive, NSE); the remaining 25 OTUs grouped in 16 putative new AMF taxa (pNTX), each one consisting of OTUs sharing pairwise distances not higher than 3%. We found a high diversity and heterogeneity of AMF across the four sites, which showed, in a regression analysis, significant relation to six out of the eight environmental parameters evaluated: grazing activity and soil texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. AMF colonization of plants also presented significant differences among the four sites, as well as spore density, microbial biomass and several enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and phosphatase) evaluated in rhizosphere soils. The four sites clustered in two groups in a hierarchical clustering evaluation based on their AMF diversity (total numbers of OTU, VTX and pNTX) and the parameters referred above. The crucial role of abiotic factors, other than aridity index, on AMF community composition, was evidenced by the high heterogeneity found between AMF communities across sites under identical aridity conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, roots and rhizosphere ofMedicago truncatula: diversity and heterogeneity under semi-arid conditions

Mahmoudi¹,

Cruz

Mahdhi

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…less the same species, with a predominance of Maytenus chubutensis and shrub species. It has previously been reported (Fernández et al, 2012;Fontenla et al, 1998Fontenla et al, , 2001Velázquez et al, 2016;Godoy and Marín, 2019) that AM plants are the most abundant in the native forest of North Patagonia, not only in forest where the dominant tree species had AM, such as those dominated by ECM native species, Nothofagus spp. In the mixed woodland analyzed here, the species with highest cover were associated with AM symbiosis.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 91%

The soil fungal community of native woodland in Andean Patagonian forest: A case study considering experimental forest management and seasonal effects

Carrón

Garibaldi

Márquez

et al. 2020

Forest Ecology and Management

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Forest management can alter soil fungal communities which are important in the regulation of biogeochemical cycles and other ecosystem services. The current challenge of sustainable management is that management be carried out while preserving the bioecological aspects of ecosystems. Mixed Patagonian woodlands are subject to continuous disturbance (fire, wood extraction, and livestock), with unknown consequences for soil fungal communities. Our objective was to study the fungal community and the effects of an experimental forest management program, which combines harvesting and implantation, on the soil fungal communities in Patagonian woodland, in Argentina; considering contrasting seasons and soil parameters. At site level, the mixed woodlands appear to have greater soil cover with AM plants and soil chemical characteristics similar to other forest environments in the same region, with an intermediate fungal diversity value. When the seasonal effect was analyzed, no changes were observed in the fungal richness and diversity index, whereas modifications were recorded in the class level, in the ecological guilds, and in certain soil parameters; the inversion of phyla should be highlighted. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the predominant phyla, and presented a tendency to an inversion between seasons: Ascomycota fungi predominated in autumn, while Basidiomycota were more abundant in summer. The Glomeromycota were not well represented in this study. The most abundant classes were Agaricomycetes, followed by Leotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Tremellomycetes, with some changes in the proportions between the two seasons, which could be related to certain soil characteristics. The most abundant orders in both seasons were Agaricales, Helotiales, Mortierellales, and Filobasidiales, correlated with some soil characteristics. The ordination analysis (NMDS) showed a correlation between taxonomic assignation and some soil characteristics, and only between class seasons. The most abundant ecological guild was saprotrophs (in both seasons: Hygrocybe, Mortierella, Cryptococcus), followed by plant pathogens (Ilyonectria, which increase in autumn); and the ectomycorrhizal symbiont (Hygrocybe in both seasons, while in summer Cortinarius, Clitopilus, and Geoglossum), all are related to C and N cycle. The only post-management changes observed in soil fungal community and chemical characteristics were in fungal richness (OTUs) and available phosphorus values; all the others (diversity indexes, taxonomy, and ecological guilds) were unaffected by this anthropic disturbance. It should be highlighted that available P and fungal species richness could be proposed as bioindicators. Future studies in native management programs, considering other aspects such as diversity of vegetation uses and system functions of the area will allow us to assess whether some of these changes are early bio-indicators of sustainable use and management.

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“…AM fungi associate with 70–80% of land plants in all major biomes (8) and enhance the growth of host plants by enhancing the uptake of mineral nutrients, particularly phosphorus (41). Many pioneer species in early primary succession on volcanic slopes (14, 43) and at high elevations (11, 28, 30, 31, 42) form AM associations. It has been demonstrated that the fungi play a significant role in the establishment of pioneer vegetation; e.g ., M. sinensis and the legume pioneer Lespedeza cyrtobotrya are highly dependent on AM associations for their establishment in acidic soil (33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nestedness in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in a Volcanic Ecosystem: Selection of Disturbance-tolerant Fungi along an Elevation Gradient

Atunnisa

Ezawa

2019

Microb. Environ.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a significant role in the establishment and resilience of vegetation in harsh environments, such as volcanic slopes, in which soil is frequently disturbed by ash falling and erosion. We characterized AM fungal communities associated with a pioneer grass in a volcanic slope based on the disturbance tolerance of the fungi, addressing the hypothesis that soil disturbance is a major ecological filter for AM fungi in volcanic ecosystems and, thus, fungi that are more tolerant to soil disturbance are selected at higher elevations (i.e. nearer to the crater). Paired soil-core samples were collected from the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sinensis between the vegetation limit and forest limit on a volcanic slope and used in a trap culture with M. sinensis seedlings, in which one of the paired samples was sieved to destroy hyphal networks (disturbance treatment), while the other was not (intact treatment). Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for two months, and the roots were subjected to molecular analysis of fungal communities. AM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevations, in which nested structure was observed. Community dissimilarity between the disturbed and intact communities decreased with increasing elevations, suggesting that communities at higher elevations were more robust against soil disturbance. These results suggest that AM fungi that are more tolerant to soil disturbance are more widely distributed across the ecosystem, that is, they are generalists. The wide distribution of disturbance-tolerant fungi may have significant implications for the rapid resilience of vegetation after disturbance in the ecosystem.

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Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in high altitude sites of the Patagonian Altoandina region in Nahuel Huapi National Park (Argentina)

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, roots and rhizosphere ofMedicago truncatula: diversity and heterogeneity under semi-arid conditions

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, roots and rhizosphere ofMedicago truncatula: diversity and heterogeneity under semi-arid conditions

The soil fungal community of native woodland in Andean Patagonian forest: A case study considering experimental forest management and seasonal effects

Nestedness in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in a Volcanic Ecosystem: Selection of Disturbance-tolerant Fungi along an Elevation Gradient

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