Dinâmica do capitalismo financeirizado e o sistema de saúde no Brasil: reflexões sob as sombras da pandemia de COVID-19

Braga, José Carlos de Souza; Oliveira, Giuliano Contento de

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00325020

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…No Brasil, as pessoas com melhores condições financeiras que dispõem de planos privados de saúde ou que têm capacidade de arcar com os custos têm acesso a uma assistência à saúde diferente das pessoas mais pobres, que dependem unicamente do SUS. Sem o SUS, a situação durante e após a pandemia seria bem pior em razão das disparidades econômicas e sociais ( 32 ). Entretanto, a implantação de um novo modelo de alocação de recursos financeiros na saúde em 2019 fragilizou a saúde no país.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Destaca-se, ainda, que a taxa de mortalidade pela covid-19, além de ser influenciada pela subnotificação e pelo sub-registro dos casos e óbitos, apresentou diferenças entre a região metropolitana e o interior, o que pode refletir nas desigualdades sociais, econômicas, culturais e estruturais. As persistentes desigualdades sociais e geográficas no acesso e na utilização dos serviços do SUS tendem a impactar os desfechos de saúde nas populações mais vulneráveis, principalmente em situações de pandemia ( 32 ). Nesse sentido, não há uma solução única para todo o país, mas as políticas devem observar as singularidades de cada região e seus perfis.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Mortalidade por covid-19 no interior e em regiões metropolitanas do Brasil, 2020 a 2021

Araújo,

Branco,

Costa

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objetivo. Comparar as taxas de mortalidade hospitalar (TMH) por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) associada à covid-19 registradas em regiões metropolitanas e no interior do Brasil em 2020 e 2021. Método. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com dados públicos disponíveis no OpenDataSUS. As informações foram acessadas em maio de 2022. Consideraram-se as seguintes variáveis: idade, sexo, internação hospitalar, presença de fator de risco, internação em UTI, uso de suporte ventilatório e classificação final na ficha de registro individual de casos de SRAG por covid-19. Os casos e óbitos foram estratificados em cinco faixas etárias (0-19 anos, 20-39 anos, 40-59 anos, 60-79 anos e ≥80 anos) e por localização do município de residência (região metropolitana ou interior). A TMH teve como numerador o número absoluto de óbitos por SRAG associada à covid-19; e, como denominador, o número absoluto de casos de SRAG por covid-19 segundo ano de ocorrência, residência em região metropolitana ou interior, faixa etária, sexo, internação hospitalar, presença de fator de risco, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e uso de suporte ventilatório. Resultados. Verificou-se aumento significativo da TMH por SRAG associada à covid-19 em 2021 em todos os grupos etários, exceto 0-19 anos e ≥80 anos, assim como entre indivíduos internados em UTI e que utilizaram suporte ventilatório invasivo, tanto nas regiões metropolitanas quanto no interior. Conclusões. Houve piora do cenário epidemiológico em 2021 com o aumento da TMH, mas não foram identificadas diferenças entre as regiões metropolitanas e o interior do país.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Mortalidade por covid-19 no interior e em regiões metropolitanas do Brasil, 2020 a 2021

Araújo,

Branco,

Costa

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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“…The Brazilian Income Transfer Program ( Bolsa Família , in Portuguese), created in 2003, was reexamined in relation to other possibilities such as the institution of universal income policies, with or without conditions 3 , 4 . Some challenges, such as increasing the benefit’s value, expanding coverage, and better monitoring education and health-related conditions, were discussed in a context of political polarization, increasing number of deaths by COVID -19, and economic crisis 5 , 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Brazilian Income Transfer Program to Brazil Assistance: challenges and achievements according to a theory-driven evaluation research on the program

2023

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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to adopt emergency cash transfer policies as a way to contain the economic and humanitarian crisis. Such initiatives were developed in a context of exacerbated gender, race, ethnicity and class inequalities resulting from physical and social distancing measures. The article analyzes, by means of an exploratory study and the so-called theory-driven evaluation of the program, the theoretical premises of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program (2003), Brazilian Emergency Assistance (2020) and Brazil Assistance (2021) programs, and their corresponding implementation dynamics. As cash transfer programs are given centrality in the contemporary public agenda, the conclusion is that evaluating their limits and advances - as to theoretical conception and mechanisms triggered in each context - contributes to trace evidence about their effectiveness in addressing long-term inequalities and those inequalities that arise in health emergency contexts.

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COVID-19 inpatient mortality in Brazil from 2020 to 2022: a cross-sectional overview study based on secondary data

Portela,

Martins,

Lima

et al. 2023

Int J Equity Health

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Background In Brazil, the COVID-19 pandemic found the universal and public Unified Health System (SUS) with problems accumulated over time, due, among other reasons, to low investments, and disparities in resource distribution. The preparedness and response of the healthcare system, involving the SUS and a private sector, was affected by large socioeconomic and healthcare access inequities. This work was aimed at offering an overview of COVID-19 inpatient mortality during the pandemic in Brazil, exploring factors associated with its variations and, specifically, differences across public, private (for-profit) and philanthropic (private non-profit) inpatient healthcare units, providers, and non-providers of services to the SUS. Methods This cross-sectional study used public secondary data. The main data source was the SIVEP-Gripe, which comprises data on severe acute respiratory illness records prospectively collected. We also employed the National Record of Health Establishments, the SUS’ Hospitalization Information System and municipalities' data from IBGE. We considered adult COVID-19 hospitalizations registered in SIVEP-Gripe from February 2020 to December 2022 in inpatient healthcare units with a minimum of 100 cases in the period. Data analyses explored the occurrence of inpatient mortality, employing general linear mixed models to identify the effects of patients', health care processes', healthcare units' and municipalities' characteristics on it. Results About 70% of the COVID-19 hospitalizations in Brazil were covered by the SUS, which attended the more vulnerable population groups and had worse inpatient mortality. In general, non-SUS private and philanthropic hospitals, mostly reimbursed by healthcare insurance plans accessible for more privileged socioeconomic classes, presented the best outcomes. Southern Brazil had the best performance among the macro-regions. Black and indigenous individuals, residents of lower HDI municipalities, and those hospitalized out of their residence city presented higher odds of inpatient mortality. Moreover, adjusted inpatient mortality rates were higher in the pandemic peak moments and were significantly reduced after COVID-19 vaccination reaching a reasonable coverage, from July 2021. Conclusions COVID-19 exposed socioeconomic and healthcare inequalities and the importance and weaknesses of SUS in Brazil. This work indicates the need to revert the disinvestment in the universal public system, a fundamental policy for reduction of inequities in the country.

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Dinâmica do capitalismo financeirizado e o sistema de saúde no Brasil: reflexões sob as sombras da pandemia de COVID-19

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Mortalidade por covid-19 no interior e em regiões metropolitanas do Brasil, 2020 a 2021

Mortalidade por covid-19 no interior e em regiões metropolitanas do Brasil, 2020 a 2021

From the Brazilian Income Transfer Program to Brazil Assistance: challenges and achievements according to a theory-driven evaluation research on the program

COVID-19 inpatient mortality in Brazil from 2020 to 2022: a cross-sectional overview study based on secondary data

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