Morbidity and mortality associated with injuries: results of the Global Burden of Disease study in Brazil, 2008

Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the global burden of disease from external causes in 2008 in Brazil, based on DALYs (disability-adjusted life years). YLLs (years of life lost) were estimated according to the method proposed by Murray & Lopez (1996). Meanwhile, the method for estimating YLDs (years lived with disability) included methodological adjustments taking the Brazilian reality into account. The study showed a total of 195 DALYs per 100 thousand inhabitants, of which 19 DALYs were related to external causes. Among YLLs, 48% were from unintentional causes and 52% from intentional causes. Among YLDs, unintentional causes predominated, with 95%. The share of YLLs in DALYs was 90%. The cause with the highest proportion of YLLs was "homicide and violence" (43%), followed by "road traffic accidents" (31%). Falls accounted for the highest share of YLDs (36%). The sex ratio (male-to-female) was 4.8 for DALYs, and the predominant age bracket was 15-29 years. Since external causes are avoidable, the study provides potentially useful information for policymakers in public security and health.

Association between Body Mass Index and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases among the Elderly

“…The differences in the association between gender, NCDs and BMI observed in this study corroborate the findings in recent studies. 43,44 Epidemiological studies show differences in distribution of NCDs in genders, 34,35 with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases among women. 45,46 Aspects such as greater demand for health services and longer life expectancy, may contribute to greater presence of chronic diseases among women.…”

“…the rate of occurrence was found by a question with two answer choices being the yes indicative of two or more diseases and conditions and the answer 'no' option for the occurrence of one disease or none. 35,36 Waist circumference: The waist circumference was measured using inelastic tape, measured at the narrowest part of the abdomen or the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest. Reference Manual procedures were followed for standardization of anthropometric measurements.…”

The nurse’s work environment in a hospital emergency service

“…In spite of the advances in the implementation of policies decentralizing attendance in cases of urgent/emergency care, the hospital services continue to be the places where there is greatest demand for emergency attendance, and to be the gateway to the health system, even when the case is not characterized as emergency from the clinical point of view (7)(8) . This extensive demand for attendance results in the overcrowding of these services, which compromises the quality of the care provided to the patients and overloads the health professionals (9) .…”

Diferenciais de mortalidade jovem no Brasil: a importância dos fatores socioeconômicos dos domicílios e das condições de vida nos municípios e estados brasileiros

“…A mortalidade de jovens adultos é um problema social, econômico e de saúde pública 1,2 . A mortalidade por causas externas é a principal causa de morte para os jovens de 15 a 29 anos no Brasil 1,2 .…”

“…Uma análise da contribuição das causas externas mostra que a eliminação dessa componente levaria a um aumento de, pelo menos, três anos na esperança de vida ao nascer dos homens 3 . Além disso, elas representam 38% dos anos de vida perdidos no Brasil no início do século XXI e, em relação ao grupo de jovens adultos, cerca de 70% do total de anos de vida perdidos 2,3,4 . Não apenas as vidas perdidas são um problema, mas o elevado número de óbitos para os jovens de até 29 anos tem um grande peso para as famílias e a sociedade 5,6 .…”