Gradiente urbano-rural no padrão de consumo e cessação do tabagismo no Brasil

Abstract

The degree of urbanization has been associated with both tobacco consumption and quit rates. The current study aims to examine the importance of the urban-rural context in the determination of tobacco consumption patterns and smoking cessation. Data were used from the supplement of the Special Survey on Smoking (PETab) from the 2008 Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). The sample included 14,420 individuals over 15 years of age, of whom 7,003 were current smokers and 7,417 former smokers in the PETab. Smoking prevalence and cessation rates were calculated. Individuals were stratified according to urban and rural residence. Other sociodemographic variables were also analyzed: sex, age bracket, race, and schooling. To explore the difference in smoking prevalence and cessation rate for each stratum in the census situation, the data were adjusted using a Poisson model. Smoking prevalence was higher in places less influenced by the urban environment. Meanwhile, smoking cessation was higher in more urbanized places. Smoking prevalence showed a decrease in consumption as the population's urban characteristics increased (PR = 0.75 for eminently urban vs eminently rural, p = 0.001). Smoking cessation trends showed that the more urban population was more prone to quitting (PR = 1.22 for eminently urban vs eminently rural, p < 0.001). The results point to the need to improve the effectiveness of services for follow-up and encouragement of cessation in rural areas.

Magnitude of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil: A population-based study

“…Ultimately, rural area residents have easy access to illicit cigarettes and have less access to and less impact on information to raise awareness of the effects of tobacco [ 39 ]. In turn, the association between smoking and living in an urban area found in this study can be explained by high urbanization, which has been strongly associated with greater commercialization of tobacco products, aggressive marketing by producing companies, and an unfavorable regulatory environment in several urban areas [ 40 ]. Additionally, adolescents and young people in urban areas have higher incomes and education, social determinants significantly associated with access to and use of tobacco products [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Relationship between Lifestyle and Residence Area with 25(OH)D Levels in Older Adults

“…A study with older people in southern Brazil found similar percentages of elderly smokers living in the rural (13%) and urban areas (14%) [23]. On the other hand, a Brazilian study, which evaluated the importance of the urban-rural context in determining the pattern of consumption of tobacco products, illustrated that, despite the knowledge that the degree of urbanization was associated with the consumption of tobacco products, the places least influenced by the urban environment had a higher prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation was higher in the more urbanized places [24].…”

Religião e Uso de Tabaco no Rio de Janeiro: Resultados Transversais e Longitudinais do Estudo Pró-Saúde

“…No Brasil, assim como no restante do mundo, o uso do tabaco varia segundo diferentes características demográficas e socioeconômicas. Evidências empíricas para o contexto brasileiro indicam, por exemplo, que o tabagismo é mais frequente entre homens, negros, jovens, solteiros e divorciados, aqueles com menor escolaridade e renda e moradores de áreas rurais (Bazotti et al 2016;Kuhnen et al 2009;Muzi et al 2018).…”