Os direitos reprodutivos das mulheres e a epidemia do Zika vírus

Pitanguy, Jacqueline

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00066016

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Besides, a woman could become infected through her partner, even if she diligently followed all recommendations for preventing the disease. Hence, we postulated since the emergency tapped into pregnancy and childrearing, both quintessentially female tasks, competencies were assigned to women as predicted by gender scholars (5,16,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second immediate reaction is that although women are recommended pregnancy postponement and measures of personal care, they are not provided with information about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services already available, but that may be commonly disrupted in emergency contexts. In adition, scholars argue that campaigns did not embrace the SRH agenda and gender equity policies needed as an outbreak response (5,30,32,33). As in previous health campaigns (16,53), they strongly relied on different roles and expectations for men and women reinforcing preexisting heteronormative gender norms and gender stereotypes.…”

Section: Government Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also lack access to clean water and sanitation, which exposes them even more to the risks of getting infected by mosquito borne diseases. This fatal combination explain why the impact of the Zika virus reproduced existing inequality falling most heavily on the most disadvantaged members of society, leaving them unassisted to navigate mosquito control, contraception and pregnancy (5,8,9,16,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a public health crisis taps directly into reproductive health, typically a feminine realm, gender systems may reproduce traditionally and deeply-rooted gender norms, especially those linked to cultural beliefs and expectations playing out in different relational contexts. Despite its importance, most of the literature regarding the gender consequences of the Zika outbreak is theoretical (5,16,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) with a dearth of empirical studies exploring how traditional gender stereotypes increase women´s vulnerability and how gender division of labor hinders arbovirus control. Exceptions have been able to explore gendered power and norms during the Zika outbreak in connection with sex and contraceptive use (24,28,36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zika Virus Public Health Crisis and the Perpetuation of Gender Inequality in Brazil

Coutinho

Montalvo

Weitzman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In 2015-2017, the Americas experienced a highly consequencial epidemics for pregnancy and childbearing. Mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, but also through sexual intercourse, the Zika virus poses the risk of congenital Zika syndrome to fetus, which includes microcephaly and other child development complications. When a public health crisis taps directly into reproductive health, typically a feminine realm, gender systems may reproduce deeply-rooted gender norms, especially those linked to cultural beliefs and expectations. This paper investigated the role of gender in two relational contexts: public health messaging to prevent Zika infections and women’s Zika and pregnancy prevention negotiation with their sexual partners during the Zika outbreak. Methods: We conducted a systematic content analysis of 94 unique pieces, governmental agencies mass-produced public health communication campaigns promoting Zika awareness. Print and online materials were collected for one year (May 2016-May 2017), such as TV ads, Internet Pop-ups, and pamphlets. We also analyzed transcripts from 16 focus groups we conducted with reproductive-aged women (18-40) in Belo Horizonte and Recife, two large cities differently affected by the Zika outbreak. Women answered open-ended questions related to personal knowledge of and experiences with the Zika virus, the related experiences of their friends and acquaintances, their primary information sources, and their perceptions of public health efforts and women’s contraceptive use.Results: Campaign pieces handling pregnancy and microcephaly demonstrated robust gendering, drastically targeting women, placing on their shoulders the responsibility for protecting a potential fetus from the disease. Campaigns neglected male´s participation on Zika prevention and contraceptive management, and failed to address Brazil´s large proportion of unplanned pregnancies. Women were placed in a double bind by being expected to prevent pregnancy and Zika amidst a relationship power dynamic that included unprotected sexual intercourse and gender norms regarding division of labor. Conclusion: Government and individual responses to the epidemics reinforced gender roles, situating pregnant women as responsible for averting mosquito bites and microcephaly, emphasizing prevention of both disease and vector among women while excluding men. Since low-socioeconomic status women possessed fewer resources to preclude infection, we also find that beyond the gender divide, this subgroup faced more pronounced Zika prevention challenges.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Government Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zika Virus Public Health Crisis and the Perpetuation of Gender Inequality in Brazil

Coutinho

Montalvo

Weitzman

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…After this review, and considering the exclusion criteria and duplicates, we selected 16 articles to be read in their entirety. Information pertaining to the selected articles, such as the author, year of publication, journal name, title, summary/conclusions, and whether the authors were in favor of abortion in the cases they described, is contained in ►Table 1, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] according to the year in which the articles were published. The 16 selected articles were published in 2016 (81.3%) and 2017 (18.7%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abortion in Cases of Zika Virus Congenital Infection

Mota

Cavalcanti

Delfino

et al. 2018

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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The emergency in international public health caused by the Zika virus gave rise to the discussion about abortion in cases of congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS). Therefore, we propose to carry out a bibliographic review on abortion in these cases. Five databases were searched using the following terms: abortion, miscarriage, and zika, with the interposition of the Boolean operator "AND." In the selected literature, we found references to the lack of information concerning the risks and severity of CZS, to the great psychological distress suffered by pregnant women, and to the risk of unsafe abortions as a justification for abortion in cases of CZS. However, it is necessary to have available tests that could diagnose, in the first trimester of pregnancy, that the fetus has been affected by the virus, and that it may have important limitations, in order to subsidize the qualified discussion about abortion in these cases. Palavras-chave► infecção pelo zika vírus ► aborto ► bioética ResumoA emergência provocada na saúde pública internacional por causa do vírus Zika trouxe à tona a discussão do aborto em casos de síndrome congênita de Zika. Portanto, propomos a realização de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o aborto nesses casos. Foram pesquisados cinco bancos de dados utilizando os seguintes termos: aborto, aborto espontâneo, e zika, com interposição do operador booleano "E". Na literatura selecionada, encontramos referências à falta de informações sobre os riscos e a gravidade da síndrome congénita de Zika, bem como ao grande sofrimento psicológico de mulheres grávidas e ao risco de aborto inseguro como justificativa para o aborto em casos de síndrome congênita de Zika. No entanto, é necessário ter testes disponíveis que possam diagnosticar, no primeiro trimestre da gravidez, que o feto foi afetada pelo vírus, e que ele pode ter limitações importantes, para subsidiar a discussão qualificada sobre o aborto nesses casos.

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