Mercosur: ambitious policies, poor practices

Azevedo, André Filipe Zago de

doi:10.1590/0101-35172004-1604

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Os coefi cientes para área territorial via PPML foram positivos, opondo-se ao esperado, ou seja que quanto maior a área, tende-se a reduzir o comércio internacional, dada a maior abundância de recursos no país, como afi rma Azevedo (2004). Na estimativa via MQO a área do exportador teve sinal esperado, no entanto, o coefi ciente não apresentou signifi cância.…”

Section: Ii2 Resultados Das Estimativasunclassified

O Comércio inexplorado entre Brasil e Ásia: uma abordagem através do modelo gravitacional

2020

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O presente estudo buscou estimar o comércio potencial do Brasil com o continente asiático no período de 2000 a 2014, utilizando uma amostra de 75 países. Para evitar problemas observados em estudos prévios, estimou-se a equação gravitacional por meio do estimador de Pseudo Máxima Verossimilhança de Poisson (PPML, na sigla inglesa), calculando-se o intervalo de confi ança dos coefi cientes com o método Delta. O modelo baseou-se em dados em painel com dois conjuntos de efeitos fi xos. Em termos absolutos, haveria um potencial de expansão do comércio brasileiro com os países asiáticos selecionados de US$ 5645 milhões, o equivalente a 7.6% do comércio médio anual observado no período 2000-2014.

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Section: Ii2 Resultados Das Estimativasunclassified

O Comércio inexplorado entre Brasil e Ásia: uma abordagem através do modelo gravitacional

2020

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“…Those types of variables were incorporated into gravity equations to maximize their performance by introducing qualitative characteristics to the model. Moreover, they can identify the existence or absence of a common language, contiguity, colonization, or other bilateral characteristics, which can have a positive or negative impact on the trade between regions (Azevedo 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Latin American and the Caribbean agricultural trade: A gravity model approach

Balogh¹,

Aguiar²

2022

AGR ECON-CZECH

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Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is one of the most important players in global agricultural trade. They have vast potential to strengthen their position as a result of the region's opportunities to increase agricultural production when combined with growing global demand, which could help the region's economy thrive. To discover the LAC potential agricultural trade pattern, this paper aims to analyse the determinants of LAC agricultural bilateral export for the period 1995–2019. The gravity model of trade was employed by estimating various Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) models including zero trade flows for panel data. The findings show that importers' GDP of LAC countries has a greater impact on agricultural trade compared to LAC exporters. Cultural similarities (common language) and countries' participation in Southern Common Market [Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR)] stimulated agri-food export. Conversely, distance (transportation), past colonial links, and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) raised trade costs, having a negative impact on the export of agricultural products. The impacts of environmental regulations are ambiguous. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the factors of agri-food export in LAC countries, which can be an important instrument for decision-makers adjusting agricultural trade policy.

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“…In order to improve the results, dummy variables were included, which introduce qualitative characteristics to the model, as they indicate the presence or absence of a certain common characteristic such as language, contiguity and origin of colonization, which can generate positive impacts on the flows between countries possessing such similar characters (Azevedo, 2004).…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Econometric Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gravity Model for Trade Theory

Aguiar¹,

Cossu²

2019

RETP

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This article delivers a theoretical overview of the gravity model and some of its main applications. The goal is as well to provide some criticism and to discuss the effectiveness of this widely used model. The model, in fact, not only did not lose its appeal over time but, on the contrary, it continued to develop and to become more reliable and relevant. It becomes clear that, although it has some problems and limitations, the gravity model is still a widely used and compelling tool, especially in the trade flow area. Jelen cikk a gravitációs modellról és annak fő alkalmazásairól nyújt áttekintést. A tanulmány további célja a széleskörben használt modell hatékonyságának megvitatása. A modell nem csak, hogy nem veszített népszerűségéből, hanem megbízhatóbbá és relevánsabbá vált. Világos, hogy a modell korlátai ellenére még mindig széleskörben bevett vizsgálati eszköz, különösen a kereskedelem terén.

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Mercosur: ambitious policies, poor practices

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

O Comércio inexplorado entre Brasil e Ásia: uma abordagem através do modelo gravitacional

O Comércio inexplorado entre Brasil e Ásia: uma abordagem através do modelo gravitacional

Determinants of Latin American and the Caribbean agricultural trade: A gravity model approach

The Gravity Model for Trade Theory

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