“…It is a thinking that has its roots in Marx, Schumpeter, and Keynes, but focuses on countries that had not, at that time, completed their national and industrial revolutions, that is, the capitalist revolution, and, to do so, had to face the opposition coming from the Global North -that is, from economic liberalism. The first generation of classical developmentalist economists included Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987), Michal Kalecki (1899-1970, Raúl Prebisch (1901-1986), Simon Kuznets (1901--1985, Paul Rosenstein-Rodan (1902-1985, Ragnar Nurkse (1907Nurkse ( -1959, Hans W. Singer (1910-2006), Arthur Lewis (1915-1991), and Albert Hirschman (1915--2012. Rosenstein-Rodan and Hirschman argued that peripheral countries had not yet industrialized because they lacked the associated positive externalities and economies of scope and scale found in industrial countries.…”