Phytoavailability of Copper in Industrial by-Products and Mineral Fertilizers

Abstract

Alternative copper (Cu) sources could be used in fertilizer production, although the bioavailability of copper in these materials is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extractants neutral ammonium citrate (NAC), 2 % citric acid, 1 % acetic acid, 10 % HCl, 10 % H 2 SO 4 , buffer solution pH 6.0, DTPA, EDTA, water, and hot water in the quantification of available Cu content in several sources, relating them to the relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of wheat grown in a clayey Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico (Oxisol) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment). Copper was applied at the rate of 1.5 mg kg -1 as scrap slag, brass slag, Cu ore, granulated copper, and copper sulfate. The extractants 10 % HCl, 10 % H 2 SO 4 , and NAC extracted higher Cu concentrations. The RAE values of brass slag and Cu ore were similar to or higher than those of Cu sulfate and granulated Cu. Solubility in the 2 nd NAC extractant, officially required for mineral fertilizers with Cu, was lower than 60 % for the scrap slag, Cu ore, and granulated copper sources. This fact indicates that adoption of the NAC extractant may be ineffective for industrial by-products, although no extractant was more efficient in predicting Cu availability for wheat fertilized with the Cu sources tested.

Enhancing Onion Yield, Quality, Storability and Profitability by Using FYM, Copper and Bio-fertilizer

“…Also, Ballabh et al (2013) stated that supplied onion plants with copper led to highest quality content and yield increases.However, an adequate nutrient supply requires a good knowledge of different guidelines including the rate of supply, the timing supply, the chemical forms, and the downward movement in the soil. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O) is commonly used by farmers regarding its solubility and its low cost (Souza et al, 2015).…”

Influence of soil characteristics and leaching rate on copper migration: column test

“…However, an adequate nutrient supply requires a good knowledge of different guidelines including the rate of supply, the timing supply, the chemical forms, and the downward movement in the soil. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O) is commonly used by farmers regarding its solubility and its low cost (Goh and Karamanos, 2006;Souza et al, 2015). However, oversupply of this fertilizer may result in soil Cu accumulation (Gonzalez et al, 2015).…”