Comparative study of systemic early postoperative inflammatory response among elderly and non-elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate and compare the early postoperative period systemic inflammatory response between elderly and non-elderly patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, mainly performing a quantitative analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a marker of inflammatory activity systemic. Methods: we compared a series of cases over a period of six months at the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital of the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, involving 60 patients submitted to elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We used non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, selecting, from the inclusion criteria, the first 30 patients aged 18-60 years, who comprised group I, and 30 patients with age equal to or greater than 60 years, who formed group II. Results: the 60 patients involved were followed for at least 30 days after surgery and there were no complications. There was no conversion to open surgery. The values of the medians found in the IL-6 dosages for the preoperative period, three hours after the procedure and 24 hours after surgery were, respectively, 3.1 vs. 4.7 pg/ml, 7.3 vs. 14.1 pg/ml and 4.4 vs 13.3 pg/ml. Conclusion: Elderly patients were more responsive to surgical trauma and had elevated IL-6 levels for a longer period than the non-elderly group.

Teucrium polium (L.): Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities at Different Phenological Stages

“…These results are in accordance with the previous studies reported for other plants [ 78 , 79 , 80 ]. These phytochemical substances were already proven to possess anti-inflammatory properties [ 81 ]. Among them, terpenes, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, i.e., flavonoids, lignans, saponins, tannins, and coumarins, are especially prominent [ 82 ].…”

Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents

“…Thus, plants have become the first source of substances for the development of new drugs, and a considerable part of the drugs prescribed in the world are derived from them [ 9 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Plants contain reservoirs of potential secondary metabolites that are the major sources of drugs, which intensifies the interest of transnational industries in the search for substances obtained from plant sources, particularly since the great majority of species have not been studied chemically or biologically [ 48 ].…”

“…Substances of plant origin, belonging to the most diverse chemical classes, have already demonstrated proven anti-inflammatory activity [ 9 ]. Among them, alkaloids, terpenes [ 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ], and phenolic compounds such as tannins, lignans, coumarins, saponins, and especially the flavonoids stand out [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…It is known that inflammation is an evolutionarily conserved process of protection and a critical survival mechanism [ 8 ]. It is composed of complex sequential changes in the tissue to eliminate the initial cause of the cell injury, which may have been caused by infectious agents or substances from their metabolism (microorganisms and toxins), as well as by physical agents (radiation, burn, and trauma), or chemicals (caustic substances) [ 9 , 10 ]. The signs of inflammation are local redness, swelling, pain, heat, and loss of function [ 7 ].…”

Anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum in experimental mice

“…These natural products have been reported to be safe, efficacious, biocompatible, and cost-effective alternatives to treat inflammatory diseases in folk medicine [38,14]. [39] has reported that several substances of plant origin such as flavonoids, saponins and tannins, are potential therapeutic agents in inhibiting or even decreasing inflammatory activity. An earlier study had shown that the presence of these phytochemicals, may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities demonstrated by the ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum [40].…”