Physiological Responses of Three Woody Species Seedlings Under Water Stress, in Soil With and Without Organic Matter

Abstract

The low availability of water in the soil is one of the limiting factors for the growth and survival of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of physiological processes in early growth of guanandi (Calophyllum brasilense Cambess), African mahogany (Khayai vorensis A. Chev) and oiti (Licaniato mentosa Benth Fritsch) over a period of water stress and other of rehydration in the soil with and without addition of organic matter. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomised into a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, comprising three species (guanandi, African mahogany, and oiti), two water regimes (with and without water restriction) and two levels of organic fertilisation (with and without the addition of organic matter). Irrigation was suspended for 15 days in half of the plants, while the other half (control) continued to receive daily irrigation, the soil being maintained near field capacity for these plants. At the end of the stress period, the plants were again irrigated for 15 days to determine their recovery. Water restriction reduced leaf water potential and gas exchange in the three species under study, more severely in soil with no addition of organic matter. The addition of this input increased soil water retention and availability to the plants during the suspension of irrigation, reducing the detrimental effects of the stress. During the period of rehydration, there was strong recovery of water status and leaf gas exchange. However recovery was not complete, suggesting that some of the effects caused by stress irreversibly affected cell structures and functions. However, of the species being studied, African mahogany displayed a greater sensitivity to stress, with poorer recovery.RESUMO -A baixa disponibilidade de água no solo é um dos fatores mais limitantes para o crescimento e sobrevivência das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas dos processos fisiológicos na fase inicial do crescimento do guanandi (Calophyllum brasilense Cambess), mogno africano (KhayaivorensisA. Chev)e oiti (Licania tomentosa Benth Fritsch) durante um período de estresse hídrico e outro de reidratação, em solo com e sem adição de matéria orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 x 2, sendo composto por três espécies (guanandi, mogno africano e oiti), dois regimes hídricos (com e sem restrição hídrica) e dois níveis de fertilização orgânica (com e sem adição de matéria orgânica). A irrigação foi suspensa por 15 dias em metade das plantas, enquanto que a outra metade (controle) recebeu irrigação continuamente. Ao final do período de estresse, as plantas voltaram a ser irrigadas durante 15 dias para a determinação da Revista Árvore, Viçosa-MG, v.40, n.3, p.455-464, 2016 ROCHA, M.A.M. et al. recuperação. A suspensão da irrigação reduziu o potencial hídrico e as trocas gasosas foliares das três espécies estudadas, sendo que os efeitos foram meno...

CROP COEFFICIENT, DRY MATTER PARTITION AND SEEDLINGS QUALITY OF Hymenaea courbaril L. IN CONTAINERS SIZES UNDER WATER DEFICIT IRRIGATION1

“…The substrate water restriction, mainly in the 20% and 40% ETm replenishments, reduces the sap flow, as well as leaf water potential, turgescence and foliar gas exchange, causing a decrease in CO 2 assimilation, as observed by Rocha et al (2016), by suspending the irrigation for 15 days in guanandi (Calophyllum brasilense Cambess), African mahogany (Khayaivorensis A. Chev) and oiti (Licania tomentosa Benth Fritsch) seedlings. Consequently, the growth and dry matter of different seedlings vegetative organs are lower, causing, according to Nascimento et al (2011), lower leaf mass and leaf area, and less translocation of photoassimilates to the new growing cells.…”

Initial Growth and Compatible Solutes Concentration in Seedlings of two Genotypes of Psidium araca Raddi (Myrtaceae) in Response to Water Suppression

“…Water stress affects the strength of source and sink and their effects on photosynthesis, growth, translocation and overall metabolism, usually causing reductions in growth as a whole. A number of studies report the negative effect of drought on plant growth and development (Martins et al 2010, Scalon et al 2011, Fini et al 2013, Rocha et al 2016, Silva et al 2016. However, for P. araca studies are still scarce.…”

SUBSTRATES AND WATER AVAILABILITY ON THE EMERGENCE AND INITIAL GROWTH OF Alibertia sessilis Schum. SEEDLINGS

“…The amount of water stored and available to these plants varies, among other factors, with the amount of organic matter and texture of the substrate. The plants will respond differently to each condition for cultivation, especially concerning growth, quality, and metabolism JEROMINE, 2013;ROCHA et al, 2016;DRESCH et al, 2016).…”

“…The poultry litter has been utilized in many regions where the broiler farming is well developed, which generates large availability of organic waste. The addition of organic matter to the soil provides greater moisture to the soil in cultivation under irrigation suspension (ROCHA et al, 2016), as well as contributes to the physical-chemical properties of the soil, such as cation exchange capacity, the formation of complexes and chelates with numerous ions, improving structure, aeration and retention of moisture (FORNASIERI FILHO, 1992).…”