Ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal central nervous system: review of guidelines

Milani, Hérbene José Figuinha; Barreto, E.Q.; Júnior, Edward Araujo; Peixoto, Alberto Borges; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado

doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0056

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These cells were found predominantly in the tissues of the brain and placenta 15 . Furthermore, the period of greatest viral replication coincides with the greatest development of the fetal central nervous system 16 . It is noteworthy that this hypothesis cannot be confirmed in our study, particularly because we do not have the laboratory results of confirmation of congenital ZIKV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Pregnant women infected by the Zika virus: Ultrasound findings and growth patterns of fetuses with and without microcephaly

Honorato

Holanda

Mattos

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To compare ultrasound growth measurements of fetuses with and without microcephaly in suspected Zika virus infection. Methods A retrospective cohort study included pregnant women with suspected Zika virus infection to evaluate 110 fetuses with and without microcephaly. The women had been admitted to the fetal medicine unit between October 2015 and August 2016. Cases of fetal microcephaly resulting from other causes were excluded. Variables evaluated were the ultrasound measurements taken at fetal biometry. The relation between each fetal biometry measurement and gestational age was analyzed using fractional polynomials in random‐effects regression models. To evaluate fetal growth, curves of the mean fetal biometric parameters were constructed as a function of gestational age. Results Mean biparietal diameter and mean head circumference increased in both groups as a function of gestational age. In the group with fetal microcephaly, mean head circumference was significantly larger in the 13th and 14th weeks of pregnancy, becoming smaller compared with the group without microcephaly from the 20th week onwards, with the difference increasing with gestational age. Conclusion Fetal head circumference continues to increase until birth, even after a diagnosis of microcephaly, with a reduction only in the pace of growth. Growth decelerates as the pregnancy approaches term.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Pregnant women infected by the Zika virus: Ultrasound findings and growth patterns of fetuses with and without microcephaly

Honorato

Holanda

Mattos

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A US examination to delineate fetal anatomy is generally recommended between 18 and 22 weeks gestation as a part of normal obstetric care. At this gestational age, the major intracranial structures-the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon-have formed from their embryologic origins and can be well visualized sonographically (1).…”

Section: Imaging Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fetal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities are fairly common, with an incidence of about 0.1%-0.2% in live births and an even higher occurrence of about 3%-6% in stillbirths. They are second only to cardiac malformations in terms of frequency of occurrence (1). Prenatal US has been shown to be an effective primary imaging modality for depiction of these anomalies (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities of the Fetal Central Nervous System: Prenatal US Diagnosis with Postnatal Correlation

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fetal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities are second only to cardiac malformations in their frequency of occurrence. Early and accurate diagnosis at prenatal US is therefore essential, allowing improved prenatal counseling and facilitating appropriate referral. Thorough knowledge of normal intracranial anatomy and adoption of a logical sonographic approach can improve depiction of abnormal findings, leading to a more accurate differential diagnosis earlier in pregnancy. Four standard recommended viewstransventricular, falx, cavum, and posterior fossa or transcerebellar views-provide an overview of fetal intracranial anatomy during the second trimester anatomy scan. Essential elements surveyed in the head and neck include the lateral cerebral ventricles, choroid plexus, midline falx, cavum septi pellucidi, cerebellum, cisterna magna, upper lip, and nuchal fold. CNS abnormalities can be organized into six main categories at prenatal US. Developmental anomalies include neural tube defects and neuronal migration disorders. Posterior fossa disorders include Dandy-Walker malformation variants and Chiari II malformation. Ventricular anomalies include aqueductal stenosis. Midline disorders include those on the spectrum of holoprosencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and septo-optic dysplasia. Vascular anomalies include vein of Galen malformations. Miscellaneous disorders include hydranencephaly, porencephaly, tumors, and intracranial hemorrhage. Correlation with postnatal MRI is helpful for confirmation and clarification of suspected diagnoses after birth. The authors discuss a standard US imaging approach to the fetal CNS and review cases in all categories of CNS malformations, providing postnatal MRI correlation when available. © RSNA, 2020 • radiographics.rsna.org

show abstract

“…The diagnosis of congenital brain anomalies including the median structures is difficult during fetal life as the routinely used standard axial sonographic do not show some cerebral structures as the cerebellar vermis and corpus collosum [5] . However, in high-risk pregnancies during the first to early second trimester, the midline anomalies could be visualized [6] . The classification of midline anomalies first reported by De Meyer and later revised by Fitz et al includes two principal classes: closure defects and diverticulation disorders [7,8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Fetal Brain Midline Structures in The Second Trimester: The role of 2D versus 4D, with Post-Natal Correlation

Salam

Mustafa

Sayed

et al. 2021

International Journal of Medical Arts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Midline cerebral structures are essential for the normal morphogenesis and function of the fetal brain. However, the diagnosis of congenital anomalies of midline cerebral structures. The Aim of The Work:This study aimed to evaluate the role of 2D versus 4D ultrasound in the diagnosis of midline structures of the fetal brain at the second trimester of pregnancy.Patients and Methods: 200 pregnant women at the second trimester [18-22 weeks] were selected. They were clinically evaluated to check the female and fetal wellbeing. Then a screening of fetal brain midline strictures had been performed by two-and four-dimensional ultrasound, aiming to discover any anomalies of the fetal brain midline structure. Both scans were compared with the postnatal transcranial ultrasound. Results:The 2D ultrasound detected no abnormality in 194 out of 200 fetuses [97.0%], and 4 cases [2.0%] had mega-cisterna magna, and 2 cases [1.0%] had encephalomylocele, which were detected by the 4 D and confirmed by postnatal transcranial ultrasound. The 4 D US discovered 2 cases [1.0%] of Dandywalker malformation, which was confirmed by postnatal transcranial US. There was a complete agreement between prenatal 4D ultrasound and postnatal transcranial ultrasound. The prenatal 2D ultrasound had a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 100.0%, PPV of 100.0%, NPV of 98.7% and overall accuracy of 99.0%. Otherwise, the prenatal 4D ultrasound was 100.0% sensitive and specific. Conclusion:4D ultrasound showed superiority in the diagnosis and confirmation of the fetal brain midline structure's abnormalities. Also, the prenatal 4D ultrasound was 100.0% sensitive as postnatal transcranial US.

show abstract

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal central nervous system: review of guidelines

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Pregnant women infected by the Zika virus: Ultrasound findings and growth patterns of fetuses with and without microcephaly

Pregnant women infected by the Zika virus: Ultrasound findings and growth patterns of fetuses with and without microcephaly

Abnormalities of the Fetal Central Nervous System: Prenatal US Diagnosis with Postnatal Correlation

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Fetal Brain Midline Structures in The Second Trimester: The role of 2D versus 4D, with Post-Natal Correlation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About