Impact and management of diseases in the propagation of fruit plants

Abstract

Well-formed and healthy propagative material is essential for economic success in fruit growing. The health of the seedlings must be ensured during production to prevent the death of plants and spread of pathogens to new areas, which cause an increase in production costs and reduction in yield, with some pathogens making production unviable in the areas where they are introduced. The most viable strategy for disease control in propagative material is the use of resistant cultivars. However, for many fruit cultivars sources of resistance have not yet been identified and in some cases the resistance is “broken” by the emergence of new races of the pathogen. Other measures are also important and recommended in plant propagation, such as the use of integrated disease management, the use of cultural and biological methods, substrate preparation, irrigation management, grafting, balanced nutrition and use of organic matter, eliminating the initial inoculum, and reducing the disease rate. Among the various procedures in nurseries for ensuring the health of seedlings are the use of pathogen-free seeds and cuttings, handling of substrates in clean facilities, disinfection of hands, tools and containers, maintenance of water quality for irrigation, and the elimination of invasive plants. It is important to clean the nurseries and have a suitable place for the disposal of seedlings, substrates and crop residues. A record and history of the operations in the production of seedlings should be a routine, as well as security and control in access to greenhouses or nurseries. The application of knowledge and the best strategies of integrated disease management for the production of healthy seedlings, guarantees the quality of the productive material and the success of the crop.

Viruses Infecting Trees and Herbs That Produce Edible Fleshy Fruits with a Prominent Value in the Global Market: An Evolutionary Perspective

“…Pathogen-free planting material and seeds are fundamental for the fruit industry. Disease-free nurseries should be raised by taking propagative materials from diseasefree healthy plants that are identified by making tests of various fruit orchards [373][374][375]. This disease-free material has to be identified and preserved for mass multiplication and distribution of healthy saplings for fruit orchards.…”

“…Fruit plants such as mango, citrus, guava, grapes, pome and stone fruits, banana, pomegranate, and strawberry, among others, are mostly multiplied by budding, grafting, cuttings, suckers, rhizomes, etc. Thus, if the mother plant carries a transmissible disease, it is passed to the offspring by vegetative propagation [375,376]. Such infected nursery plants serve as one of the important reservoirs for the introduction and spread of diseases and new pathogens into disease-free territories.…”

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Seedling Production of CUPUAÇUZEIRO (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.)

“…One of the main factors that guarantee the success of fruit growing is the quality of the seedlings made by the producer. Thus, the first step to success in the implementation of a poem is to obtain quality changes that provide an adaptation in the production of the field, with good condition [5] [6]. Conditions favorable to the production of seedlings contribute to the increase of homogeneity, sanity, and reduction of planting mortality.…”

Increasing the technological and economic efficiency of nursery production based on processes biologization

“…The interaction of plants with beneficial microorganisms has an important meaning, since specific relationships develop between them and productive relationships with great number of functional manifestations are determined [11][12][13].…”