PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN FEIJOA FRUITS [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] ON INDIGENOUS LANDS,QUILOMBOLAS COMMUNITIES AND PROTECTED AREAS IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL

Abstract

-Phenotypic studies with native fruits are important sources of information for understanding the status of conservation of plant species, especially populations in protected areas (Pas). Fruits of 18 populations of feijoa [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] present in three kind of Pas, Quilombolas communities (QLs), Indigenous Lands (ILs) and conservation units (cus) were evaluated with the aim to characterize the phenotypic variability. Fruits were harvested at maturity and eight morphological descriptors were measured: diameter, length, total weight, pericarp weight, pulp weight, pericarp thickness, pulp yield and solid soluble contents (°Brix). the results revealed the existence of large morphological variability for all traits, with significant differences among all populations and among those populations grouped in QLs, TIs and UCs, particularly to the total weight and peel thickness. There was a clear formation of five major clusters of genetic dissimilarity. In addition, two uruguayan type populations and 16 Brazilian type populations showed contrast means for most of the evaluated traits. the lower variability on fruit characters found in plants collected in areas of traditional people but not in cus suggests the existence of selection processes of feijoa genotypes on those areas. Index terms: Goiabeira-serrana, pineapple-guava, traditional people, in situ on farm conservation. VARIABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA EM FRUTOS DE GOIABEIRA-SERRANA [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] EM TERRAS INDÍGENAS, COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS E EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO NO SUL DO BRASILRESUMO -estudos fenotípicos com frutas silvestres são importantes fontes de informação para entendimento do estado de conservação das espécies vegetais, sobretudo em populações de plantas em áreas protegidas. Frutos de 18 populações de goiabeira-serrana [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret], internacionalmente denominada de feijoa, presentes em comunidades Quilombolas (QLs), terras Indígenas (tIs) e em unidades de conservação (ucs) foram avaliados, com o objetivo de caracterizar variabilidade fenotípica. Os frutos foram coletados na maturação, e oito características foram avaliadas: diâmetro, comprimento e peso do fruto, peso da casca, peso de polpa, espessura da casca, rendimento de polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix). Os resultados revelaram a existência de significativa variabilidade morfológica para todas as características avaliadas, havendo diferenças significativas entre todas as populações e entre as -agrupadas em QLs, TIs e ucs, em especial para o peso total e a espessura da casca. houve clara formação de cinco grupos principais de dissimilaridade, com separação de duas populações para o tipo uruguai e 16 para tipo Brasil. O fato da ocorrência da menor variabilidade nos frutos encontrado em plantas de áreas de povos tradicionais, sugere a existência de processos de seleção de genótipos da goiabeira-serrana nestas áreas. Termos para indexação: Feijoa, pineaple-guava, povos tradicionais, conservação in situ on farm.

Characterization of Phenotypic Diversity of Feijoa Fruits of Germplasm Accessions in Brazil

“…These results had greater amplitude compared with the data found by Degenhardt et al (2003), who evaluated two half-sib families and found pulp yields in progenies ranging from 23.5 to 33.7%. In natural populations, mean values for pulp yield ranged from 17.3 to 49.5% (Borsuk et al, 2017).…”

“…The species occurs naturally in the highlands of Paraná and Santa Catarina and in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Mattos, 1986;Donazzolo, 2012;Borsuk et al, 2017), in the Departments Treinta y Tres (Quebrada de los Cuervos), Cerro Largo (Cañitas), and Tacuarembó (Valle Edén and Cuchilla de Laureles), north of Uruguay (Puppo et al, 2014). The feijoa active germplasm bank (BAG) is located in São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State, in the south of Brazil.…”

Evaluation of the genetic diversity in the feijoa accessions maintained at Santa Catarina, Brazil

“…In addition, the 12 accessions identified as “Exterior” in this study originated from four countries (Supplemental Table S1) and are genotypes of Uruguay type, with a narrow genetic base, as previously reported (Dettori & Palombi, 2000; Ducroquet et al., 2000; Nodari et al., 1997; Thorp & Bieleski, 2002). Other studies detected lower genetic (Donazzolo et al., 2020) and phenotypic diversity (Borsuk et al., 2017; Sánchez‐Mora et al., 2019) in the Uruguay type compared with the Brazil type. Furthermore, the genetic distances amongst the Uruguay type accessions are smaller compared with the Brazil type accessions, as documented in the present study and by previous studies (Borsuk, 2018; Donazzolo, 2012; Donazzolo et al., 2020).…”

“…Other studies detected lower genetic (Donazzolo et al, 2020) and phenotypic diversity (Borsuk et al, 2017;Sánchez-Mora et al, 2019) in the Uruguay type compared with the Brazil type. Furthermore, the genetic distances amongst the Uruguay type accessions are smaller compared with the Brazil type accessions, as documented in the present study and by previous studies (Borsuk, 2018;Donazzolo, 2012;Donazzolo et al, 2020).…”

“…This tree fruit is commercially produced on a large scale mainly in Colombia and New Zealand. However, in Brazil and Uruguay, which are the main centers of origin and diversity for A. sellowiana (Borsuk, Saifert, Otalora‐Villamil, Sánchez‐Mora, & Nodari, 2017), this species is a minor crop, although its consumption is increasing. Two distinct populations of feijoa were identified in South America.…”