MORPHOANATOMY OF Garcinia madruno (KUNTH) HAMMEL (CLUSIACEAE) UNDER WATERLOGGED CONDITIONS

Abstract

-Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel is a neotropical tree that naturally occurs in terra firme forests and is important as a source of income and medicine for Amazonian populations. This study describes and compares the morphoanatomical responses of plants under conditions of stress and normoxia. Young plants of Garcinia madruno were subjected to two water regimes: daily controlled irrigation and waterlogged for 84 days. Hypertrophic lenticels, adventitious roots and anatomical characteristics of the roots and leaves were evaluated on days 0, 21, 42, 63 and 84. There were no changes in leaf structure, but cracks and hypertrophic lenticels appeared on the stems, there was an increase in blackness of the roots and the plants formed adventitious roots to adapt to the flooded environment. The anatomical changes in the roots of the flooded plants were thickening of the exodermis in the main root and of the pericycle in the lateral roots, and a large increase in the amount of aerenchyma. Histochemical tests detected starch in the midrib, mesophyll, stem and root of flooded plants, and in the petiole of control plants. In the waterlogged plants, phenolic compounds were found in the petiole and alkaloids were found in the midrib, petiole and root. Termos para indexação: Amazon, bacurizinho, stress, fruit, histochemistry. MORFOANATOMIA DE Garcinia madruno (KUNTH) HAMMEL (CLUSIACEAE) SOB CONDIÇÕES DE ALAGAMENTORESUMO -Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel, árvore neotropical, ocorre naturalmente em florestas de terra firme, considerada uma fonte de renda da população da Amazônia, além de sua importância medicinal do látex para curar diversas doenças. O estudo objetivou descrever e comparar as respostas morfoanatômicas das plantas estressadas e em condições de normoxia. Plantas jovens de Garcinia madruno foram submetidas a dois regimes hídricos: controle irrigado diariamente; e alagado, por 84 dias. Lenticelas hipertróficas, raízes adventícias e características anatômicas da raiz e da folha foram avaliados aos 0; 21; 42; 63 e 84 dias. Não foram observadas modificações na estrutura foliar, no caule surgiram rachaduras e lenticelas hipertróficas, aumento e enegrecimento das raízes, bem como o surgimento de raízes adventícias, como forma de adaptação ao ambiente alagado. As modificações anatômicas nas raízes de plantas alagadas foram o espessamento da exoderme na raiz principal e do periciclo na raiz lateral, além de grande quantidade de aerênquima. Os testes histoquímicos detectaram: amido: nervura central, mesofilo, pecíolo e raiz das plantas alagadas, bem como no pecíolo das controles; apenas nas alagadas foram observados compostos fenólicos no pecíolo e alcaloides: nervura central, pecíolo e raiz. Termos para indexação: Amazônia, bacurizinho, estresse, frutíferas, histoquímica.1 (Paper 089-16).

Comparative Study on Leaf Anatomy in Selected Garcinia Species in Peninsular Malaysia

“…The presence of cuticles attests to the interaction between plants and the environment. A previous study by Abreu et al (2017) found thick cuticle wax on G. madruno under flooded conditions. They pointed out that this condition led to low water potential (Medri et al, 2011); thus, thick wax offered more protection to G. madruno (Abreu et al, 2017).…”

“…The types of epidermal cells which are straight, undulated, and sinuate observed in the Tomovita species can be utilised in the phylogenetic study of morphological features and determination of linkages across species (Gahagen, 2015). In Garcinia cases, epidermal cells of G. dulcis (Begum, 2020) and G. madruno (Abreu, 2017) showed sinuosity, while G. cambogia exhibited undulating to irregular cells (Sreelakshmi et al, 2014). An epidermal anticlinal wall pattern can be a suitable anatomical feature for species delimitation in Garcinia.…”

“…malaccensis. Druses could be used as a diagnostic character to identify Garcinia species, as observed in Garcinia morella, Garcinia spicata (Pathirana & Herat, 2004), G. madruno (Abreu et al, 2017), G. indica (Priya & Hari, 2019), Garcinia dioica (Wulansari et al, 2020), and G. dulcis (Begum, 2020). All of these Garcinia species exhibited a similar appearance of druses.…”

“…Besides, the utilisation of plant anatomy is widespread for plant physiology and ecology (Sokoloff et al, 2021). Previous studies have incorporated the correlation of anatomies and environmental conditions, such as water stress on Garcinia brasiliensis (de Souza et al, 2013) and Garcinia madruno (Abreu et al, 2017), as well as in vitro gamma irradiation on Garcinia mangostana var. mangostana calli in combating photosynthesis deficiency (Qosim et al, 2011).…”

Struktur Anatomi Daun Sebagai Bukti Dalam Pembatasan Takson Tumbuhan Berbunga: Studi Kasus 12 Suku Tumbuhan Berbunga Indonesia

“…Tipe tangkai daun yang mencirikan tingkatan marga ditemukan pada G. dioica, C. sumatranum, B. glauca, A. complanata, dan S. benzoides. Marga Garcinia memiliki bentuk berkas pengangkut tangkai daun yang umumnya berbentuk busur menekuk (Pathirana & Herat 2004;Abreu et al 2017;Priya & Hari 2018). Bentuk berkas pengangkut C. sumatranum adalah busur dengan ujung menekuk.…”