Acúmulo De Nutrientes Em Bananeira ‘D´angola’ (Tipo Terra) Sob Doses De Nitrogênio via Água De Irrigação

Abstract

RESUMO-A bananeira cv. d´Angola demanda grandes quantidades de nutrientes para seu desenvolvimento e produção. Para uma recomendação adequada de fertilizantes, é importante que se conheçam as quantidades de nutrientes absorvidas, exportadas e restituídas ao solo pela planta. objetivou-se avaliar os acúmulos de fitomassa e macronutrientes na bananeira cv. D´Angola (tipo Terra), em cinco doses de nitrogênio (N) aplicado em fertirrigação por gotejamento. o trabalho foi desenvolvido no campo da embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, no município de Cruz das Almas-BA, em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se a fitomassa e o acúmulo de nutrientes em cinco órgãos da planta (pseudocaule, folhas, frutos, engaço e coração), em cinco doses de N (135; 180; 225; 270 e 315 kg ha -1 ) aplicadas via água de irrigação. Os resultados indicaram que o acúmulo de fitomassa e nutrientes para a bananeira cv. D´Angola mostrou que há diferentes níveis de absorção, exportação e restituição ao solo de macronutrientes entre os órgãos da planta, em função das doses de N, e que, em média, o pseudocaule e as folhas foram os órgãos que mais acumularam de nutrientes, enquanto o coração foi o que menos acumulou. A ordem decrescente de absorção na planta foi potássio, seguido por nitrogênio e cálcio. Termos para indexação: fitomassa seca, macronutriente, absorção. NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN 'D´ANGOLA' PLANTAIN (TERRA TYPE) UNDER DOSES OF NITROGEN APPLIED BY IRRIGATION WATERABSTRACT -The plantain cv. D´Angola demands large amount of nutrients for its growth and production. It is important to know the amounts of nutrients which are extracted, exported and restituted to the soil by the plant for an adequate fertilizer recommendation. This study aimed to evaluate cumulative phytomass and macronutrients in cv. D´Angola plantain under five doses of nitrogen (N) applied by a drip fertigation system. The trial was carried in a randomized block design with four replications in an experimental field of Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, at Cruz das Almas, State of Bahia. Phytomass and nutrient accumulation were evaluated in five plant organs (pseudostem, leaves, fruits, peduncle and inflorescence) under application of five nitrogen levels (135, 180, 225, 270 and 315 kg ha -1 ) by irrigation water. The results indicated that the accumulation of phytomass and nutrients for plantain cv. D'Angola showed that, there are different levels of extraction, exportation and restitution to the soil of nutrients for plant organs depending on nitrogen doses; also, on average, pseudostem and leaves were the organs that accumulated more nutrients while the inflorescence was the one that accumulated less. The decreasing order of nutrient extraction by plant was potassium, followed by nitrogen and calcium.

Partitioning of macronutrients and nutritional efficiency in fertigated prata banana

“…In contrast, the pseudostem was the organ with largest Ca accumulation in the plant, followed by leaf, rhizome, fruit and stalk. Silva et al (2015) also found higher Ca accumulation in the leaves and pseudostem of banana mats, cv. D Ángola, and attributed this result to the active participation of these organs in the assimilation of photosynthates, as well as to the fact that Ca stimulates the development of leaves and roots.…”

“…This has a practical implication in reducing the doses of fertilizers to be applied, as well as reducing production costs. In fertilization programs, it is important to consider the amount of nutrients immobilized in the banana dry matter that returns to the soil after harvest (OLIVEIRA et al, 2005;SILVA et al, 2015;BRITO et al, 2017). Hoffmann et al (2010), evaluating the accumulation of nutrients in six banana cultivars, found that the return of nutrients to the soil, such as Ca and Mg, may reach 95 and 89 %, respectively.…”

“…The quantification of nutrients accumulated in the various organs of the plant, as well as the percentage exported with the harvest of bunches, is essential for designing fertilizer recommendation programs and for the adequate nutritional management of this fruit crop (SOARES et al, 2008;SILVA et al, 2015). Due to the large amounts of phytomass produced by banana mats and of nutrients contained, which return to the soil through crop residues, part of the nutritional requirement of the crop is supplied by the nutrients recovered in the soilplant system after harvesting the bunches, reducing the amount of fertilizers to be supplied to plants (SOARES et al, 2008;SILVA et al, 2015).…”